Extracts, extractive matter resinous

In this method we might indicate which of their elements [of vegetable substances] existed in excess, without circumlocution, after the manner used by Rouelle for naming vegetable extracts he calls these extracto-resinous when the extractive matter prevails in their composition, and resino-extractive when they contain a larger proportion of resin-... 

To isolate the p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, filter the residue from the steam distillation while hot through a fluted filter paper in order to remove resinous matter, and extract the cold filtrate with ether. Distil off the ether, and recrystallise the yellow solid from hot water to which some aqueous sulphurous acid is added. The yield of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (colourless crystals), m.p. 116°, is 2-3 g. 

Oleoresin. Natural oleoresins are exudates from plants, whereas prepared oleoresins are solvent extracts of botanicals, which contain oil (both volatile and, sometimes, fixed), and the resinous matter of the plant. Natural oleoresins are usually clear, viscous, and light-colored Hquids, whereas prepared oleoresins are heterogeneous masses of dark color. 

The liquid is filtered, and on extraction with ether yields some pipe-ronal (heliotropin), melting at 37°. The residual liquid is boiled with magnesium carbonate-, resinous matter extracted with ether, the liquid filtered and the acid set free by means of dilute sulphuric acid. Homopiperonylic acid crystallises out on evaporation, and forms fine needles melting at 127° to 128°. 

Unsulfonated matter Amberlite (ion exchange resins) Gravimetric extraction... 

In order to suppress interferences due to the presence of inorganic species and reliably determine the proteinaceous composition of the sample, a clean-up step has often been introduced in the analytical procedure. This step may include the extraction of the proteinaceous matter by an ammonia solution [8], the use of a cation-exchange resin [8,55], a chelating agent [9,41,44], the use of a Cig resin or the use of barium chloride solution to suppress sulfates [10,81,82]. Table 9.1 reports the methods used to overcome such problems. 

Grimalt, J.O., Simoneit, B.R.T. and Hatcher, P.G. (1989). Chemical affinities between the solvent extractable and bulk organic matter of fossil resin associated with an extinct podocarpaceae. Phytochemistry 28 1167-1171. 

At present, soil derived humic matter and fulvic acids extracted from freshwater are available commercially and are commonly used to test techniques for DOM detection and also used as model compounds for trace metal chelation studies. The results obtained using these model compounds are frequently extrapolated to the natural environment and measurements on "real" samples provide evidence that this DOM is a good model compound. In the past, some investigators also made available organic matter isolated from marine environments using C18 resins. While these compounds come from aquatic sources, this isolation technique is chemically selective and isolates only a small percentage of oceanic DOM. Reference materials are not currently available for these compounds, which inhibits study of the role they play in a variety of oceanographic processes. 

Analysis of ebonite is more difficult than that of ordinary vulcanised rubber, as it is less readily attacked by solvents the sample for analysis should be finely powdered. The determinations of moisture, ash, sulphur, etc., are made as in manufactured rubber the extraction with acetone should be prolonged, sometimes to 1-2 days, to be complete. The residue insoluble in acetone is extracted first with epichlorhydrin for 3 hours to remove resins insoluble, or almost so, in acetone (copal, mastic, amber) and then with pyridine as indicated for manufactured rubber next comes the treatment with alcoholic potash to dissolve any brown factis present. The residue from this last treatment comprises the pure rubber, the sulphur combined therewith and the mineral matter in one part of it the ash and the sulphur of the ash are determined, and in another the total sulphur, the sulphur united with the rubber being obtained by difference the pure rubber is then calculated by difference. 

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