Extraction baskets

Concentrates are made by extracting water-soluble sugars and other compounds from defatted meals or flours. This is typically a secondary extraction, using acidic ethanol-water in a chain-type or basket-type continuous extractor for processing flakes, or acidic water extraction of flour in vats, followed by spray-drying (8). Acidic polar solvents are used at or near the isoelectric point of the protein to minimize its solubility and loss. The reextracted flakes may then be ground into a flour. Concentrates are more bland than defatted flours, but still contain the fiber components of the kernel. After extraction with acidic ethanol or water, concentrates... 

The final pH of the initial extract from the vibrating screen was 7.5 but this increased to pH 9.6 and 10.2 for fababean and field pea, resp., during the second extraction. The filtrates were combined and centrifuged on a Fletcher basket centrifuge at 3400 rpm (1800 x g) to separate the starch and protein (Figure 2). 

The starch fraction was washed initially with 0.02% NaOH, the extract being added to the protein solution (Figure 2). The starch was then slurried in distilled water, separated by sedimentation, and dried at 30°C. The combined protein extracts were adjusted to pH 4.5 with IN HC1 and the whey separated from the curd by centrifugation in the basket centrifuge (1100 x g). The protein curd was washed twice with water adjusted to pH 4.5, then resuspended at pH 7.0 using IN NaOH. The proteinate was freeze-dried. 

The polyethylene film thus obtained was packed in a 100 mesh stainless steel basket, extracted with hot p-xylene in a Soxhlet extractor for 48 hours, washed with acetone for 4 hours in the same type extractor, dried in vacuum for 20 hours at 40°C and weighed. The gel fraction (Gf) of the polymer was detrmined by the equation (2) from the weight change by the extraction. 

A weekly dose of high-potash organic liquid fertilizer see pp.l94-195) is necessary for flowering plants and tomatoes. For baskets of herb plants, use a general-purpose liquid fertilizer every two weeks. Seaweed extract added to the fertilizer can be beneficial. 

Drain off the alcohol. Take a small pinch of the powder from the basket and allow it to dry thoroughly. When dry, taste a tiny amount of the powder. If it numbs the tongue, repeat the extraction. If not, discard the powder and proceed to stop 5. (Tasting a small amountofthe powder will not harm you, but be sure not to swallow it and rinse your mouth out several times afterwards). 

Bound rubber - The bound rubber content was measured with toluene as solvent [48,49]. The nonvulcanized samples (0.2 g) were cut into small pieces and put into a steel-wire basket of very fine mesh, which was immersed in 100 mL of toluene at room temperature for 72 h. The solvent was renewed after 24 h. The extracts were collected and left for 24 h in air and 24 h in vacuo at 105°C to evaporate the solvent. The amount of bound rubber (BdR) is expressed as the percentage of the total polymer content in the compound. 

The eluant is usually 1 M N07 in the form of NH4NO3. The physical method for carrying out the extraction can involve (a) a fixed resin bed, (b) a resin-in-pulp technique where resin in baskets is passed through a stream of pulp or slurry from the leach process, or (c) a moving bed of resin. 

Most solid-fluid extraction equipments use baskets closed by frits on large scale units, frit plugging causes frit breakage on decompression but, on lab or pilot-scale equipments, the frit may not break then, even if the autoclave decompression seems effective, compressed CO2 may remain in the basket on autoclave opening, the basket may be brutally ejected and/or may explode. 

Figure 1 Coexistence of the past and present techniques in F F industry classical enfleurage process (photo on the left) and a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction facility as modern factory equipment (on the right). The photo on the left shows a stock of jasmine flowers in the basket (center) that are spread upon a wooden frame (chassis) that secures a glass plate coated with fat. The chassis is then piled to allow diffusion of fragrant components (note that the fat is applied on both sides of the glass plate to gain access to the headspace volume made by the chassis underneath). Enfleurage process photo reproduced from E. Guenther, The Essential Oils with permission from Krieger Publishing Company Melbourne, FL, USA, 1948 (reprinted 2006) Vol. 1, p 192.

Extraction and Isolation of Herbicide. (1) Place 100-gram portion of air-dried sample in basket of Immerex extractor. Add 250 ml. of acetone-hexane (1+9) to the metal container, and assemble extractor with basket in raised position. Using low heat setting on hot plate, extract the sample for 4 hours. Transfer extract to beaker, and evaporate just to dryness, using low heat and stream of dry air. 

Horizontal basket or moving bed solvent extractors are preferred over vertical tower extractors in processing safflower cake. The fibrous nature of safflower provides a natural channel through which the solvent can move, and the bed acts as a natural filter medium. Tower extractors generally have problems extracting... 

As the baskets traveled across the top, they were inverted momentarily to dump the extracted solids into a discharge hopper. The baskets then continued to the filling station to make another circuit through the extractor. These early vertical basket extractors (Figure 21) were taU and bulky, subject to chain breakage, and were difficult to service. 

---