Extractant ionic

Ionic liquids as solvents for extraction Ionic liquid/aqueous Rogers et al. Dietz et al. Dai et al. 12, 13, 14, 15 16 17... 

Gas-liquid contactors, 16 700-701 Gas-liquid equilibria, simulation, 1 30 Gas/liquid extractions, ionic liquids in, 26 876... 

Inorganic compound extraction, ionic liquids in, 26 875-876 Inorganic compound-hydrogen chloride-water systems, 13 817-818 Inorganic compound lubricants, 15 246 Inorganic compounds, 13 104 hydrochloric acid reaction with,... 

Organic color pigments, for inks, 14 317 Organic compound control, in municipal water treatment, 26 125 Organic compound extraction, ionic liquids in, 26 873-875... 

Kimura and Miller [30] also described the following methods for the determination in soil samples of extractable organic mercury, total mercury and extractable ionic mercury. 

A few vital criteria towards the formation of an improved aqueous extractable ionic species are, namely ... 

Extractable ionic associates are also formed in reactions of heteropoly acids with basic dyes [62,66,67], In some systems, more complex ionic associates are formed. These compounds are not extractable, but may form a basis for very sensitive flotation-spectrophotometric methods [68,69],... 

A group of elements (P, As, Si, Ge, V, W, Mo etc.) forms yellow heteropoly acids which, on being reduced, give intensely coloured blue compounds. Both the heteropoly acids and their reduced forms are used for determination of the elements. All these forms are extracted with oxygen-containing solvents. It should also be mentioned that the heteropoly acid anions form extractable ionic associates with basic dyes. 

The driving force in this case is the difference between the concentration of the carrier-extracted species complex at the membrane/feed solution interface and the practically zero concentration of the complex at the membrane/receiver solution interface. In the case of extracted ionic species, the driving force for the uphill transport can be the potential gradient generated by the coupled transport of another ionic species across the membrane. The extracted ionic species, in this case, is transported to satisfy the electroneutrality condition within the membrane system. This coupled transport process can be countertransported (Figure 27.5b,c) and cotransporled (Figure 27.5a,d) with respect to the extracted ionic species. 

Besides this bulk phase elfects surfactants will adsorb at the liquid-liquid interface. Their influence on mass transfer may then be on different mechanism. A blocking effect of adsorption layers in a diffusional transport regime is well known and results in a reduction of mass transfer [54-57] and even Marangoni instabilities [58,59] are found. However, in the kinetical mass-transfer regime, both an enhancement and retartion of mass transfer [59] is with Gibbs surfactant layers. With extracting ionic species, ionic surfactants will induce an electrostatic double layer, which can be related to the -potential. As a result, there exists, in addition to the chemical potentials, an... 

PA-6/EVAl-f-carboxylic acid FTIR/SEM/DSC/DMTA/rheology/ selective solvent extraction/ionic linkage postulated De Petris et al. 1998... 

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an analytical technique that separates ionic species in electrolytic solution by the application of an electric field. This technique can be used to quantitatively measure a number of inorganic components present in polymers. The analysis can be conducted to determine either the total concentration present following dissolution of the polymer by one of the techniques discussed in the sample preparation section, or the amount present as extractable ionic species. 

Electronics manufacturers demand high purity and low corrosivity from device components, and adhesives must have very low concentrations of extractable ionics such as sodium, potassium and chloride. Also, outgassing of solvents or volatile plasticisers cannot be tolerated. 

Chem. Descrip. Limnanthes alba and shea butler extract Ionic Nature Nonionic... 

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