External agencies

A standard sample provided by an external agency as part of certifying the quality of a laboratory s work. 

The employment of full-time security staff either in-house personnel or contracted out to a professional guarding company (preferably one that is a member of the British Security Industry Association (BSIA) Manned Services Inspectorate) can make a significant contribution to overall security. Consideration should be given to the range of duties to be performed by security staff, their location, and how they will interface with other security measures and external agencies. 

Convection is classified according to the motivating flow. When the flow takes place because of density variations caused by temperature gradients, the motion is called natural convection. When it is caused by an external agency such as a pump or a fan the process is called forced convection. 

The 2nd law, which can be stated in a number of different ways, expresses the fact that heat can only be transformed into work when it flows from a higher to a lower temperature. Clausius, stated the 2nd law as follows It is impossible for a self-acting machine, unaided by an external agency, to convey heat from a lower to a higher temperature . 

In forced convection, circulating currents are produced by an external agency such as an agitator in a reaction vessel or as a result of turbulent flow in a pipe. In general, the magnitude of the circulation in forced convection is greater, and higher rates of heat transfer are obtained than in natural convection. 

If a beaker containing water rests on a hot plate, the water at the bottom of the beaker becomes hotter than that at the top. Since the density of the hot water is lower than that of the cold, the water in the bottom rises and heat is transferred by natural convection. In the same way air in contact with a hot plate will be heated by natural convection currents, the air near the surface being hotter and of lower density than that some distance away. In both of these cases there is no external agency providing forced convection currents, and the transfer of heat occurs at a correspondingly lower rate since the natural convection currents move rather slowly. 

Learning the contents of a national curriculum objectives set by external agency and teacher/ tutor... 

In all cases the weight of all material within the control volume must be included in the force-momentum balance, although in many cases it will be a small force. Gravity is an external agency and it may be considered to act across the control surface. The momentum flows and all forces crossing the control surface must be included in the balance in the same way that material flows are included in a material balance. 

A proficiency testing scheme is defined as a system for objectively checking laboratory results by an external agency. It includes comparison of a... 

This law was formulated by Rudolph Clausius, a German physicist It is impossible for a machine, unaided by external agency, to convey heat from one body to another at a higher temperature that is, heat will not flow, of its own... 

If we think of the alchemical elements earth, air, fire, and water, as general expressions of what seemed to the alchemists the most important properties of all substances, we may be able to attach some kind of meaning to the sayings of Basil Valentine, which I have quoted. For instance, when that alchemist tells us, "Fire is the most passive of all elements, and resembles a chariot when it is drawn, it moves when it is not drawn, it stands still"—we may suppose he meant to express the fact that a vast number of substances can be burnt, and that combustion does not begin of itself, but requires an external agency to start it. 

Seeing visions or hearing voices can only be attractive if the social context rewards and supports them and the individual believes that such experiences are valuable. Accusatory voices that arise unbidden cause fear and suspicion, leading to the belief that one is being persecuted by an external agency like the devil, Martians, or the FBI. In this case, we call the perceptions hallucinations and the beliefs delusions, and in so doing label them symptoms of mental illnesses like schizophrenia. The person with this kind of psychosis becomes a patient, with the most dire personal and social consequences. 

A process, which involves the spontaneous change of a system from a state to some other state, is called spontaneous or natural process. As such a process cannot be reversed without help of an external agency, the process is called an irreversible process. 

The equilibrium state is a state of rest. Once at equilibrium, a system will not move away from equilibrium unless some external agency (the surroundings) acts on it. A process during which the system is never away from equilibrium is called a reversible process. This statement is obviously contradictory to the definition of equilibrium. 

Recall that dG < 0. At equilibrium dG = 0 i.e., the minimum point of the curve. A system always moves toward equilibrium and never away from the equilibrium state unless an external agency (the surroundings) does work on the system. 

In performing their role, scientists working in an R D area of the Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries, need the support of a large number of other professional people. Some of these support services are shown in Figure BIO. In big companies this support was provided traditionally in house but a majority companies now outsource at least some of these activities to external agencies (see Section B, 1.4). When a service, which previously has been provided internally, is outsourced it is an obvious concern that the support provided may not be of the same quality. To this end it... 

When R D is planned in collaboration with other companies or external agencies, a joint agreement must be drawn up to cover all aspects of the ownership of any intellectual property that may arise. These agreements are written, with the R D Managers help, by the IP people. This will involve negotiations with their equivalents in the collaborating organisations. An example would be the ownership of IPR in the case of sponsored or joint research with academic institutions. 

Heat is transferred from or to a region by the motion of fluids and the phenomenon of convection. In natural convection, the movement is caused by buoyancy forces induced by variations in the density of the fluid these variations are caused by differences in temperature. In forced convection, movement is created by an external agency such as a pump. 

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