Extensive or Intensive

Volume is related to the size of the system. For a rectangular geometry, volume can be obtained by multiplying the measured length, width, and height. This procedure gives us the extensive form of volume, V, in units of [ m ] or [gal]. We purchase mfik and gasofine in volume with this form of units. 

Volume can also be described as an intensive property, either as molar volume, V [mVmol], or specific volume, 6 [m /kg]. The specific volume is the reciprocal of density, p [kg/m ]. If a substance is distributed continuously and uniformly throughout the system, the intensive forms of volume can be determined by dividing the extensive volume by the total number of moles or the total mass, respectively. Thus, 

If the amount of substance varies throughout the system, we can still refer to the molar or specific volume of a microscopic control volume. However, its value will change with position. In this case, the molar volume of any microscopic element can be defined  

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A.7 State whether the following properties are extensive or intensive (a) the temperature at which ice melts (b) the color of nickel chloride (c) the energy produced when gasoline burns ... 

An intrinsic feature of the thermodynamic formalism is the freedom to consider general combinations of extensive or intensive variables [cf. (8.70), (8.75)] as alternatives to standard choices. This freedom is used, for example, in considering the Gibbs free energy G = U — (T)S + (P)V as a linear combination of standard (U, S, V) extensities, or the phase-coexistence coordinate a [cf. (7.27), (7.28)] as a linear combination of standard (T, P) intensities. 

A.5 State whether the following are extensive or intensive properties (a) the color of copper sulfate (b) the temperature of boiling liquid oxygen (LOX) (c) the cost of platinum metal (d) the energy content of a beaker of water. 

Classify the following properties of a system as extensive or intensive volume, pressure, energy, thermal expansion coefficient, and viscosity. 

As discussed in Chapter 1, properties are either extensive or intensive, depending on whether they are proportional to the size of the system or not. Thus, mass and volume are extensive properties temperature and pressure are intensive properties. An extensive property multiplied by an intensive property remains extensive. Because the ratio of two extensive properties is intensive, dividing an... 

Macromolecular or particulate samples fractionated by the FFF are usually not uniform but exhibit a distribution of the concerned extensive or intensive parameter [8] or, in other words, a polydispersity. Molar mass distribution (MMD), sometimes called molecular weight distribution (MWD), or particle size distribution (PSD) describes the relative proportion of each molar mass (molecular weight), M, or particle size (diameter), d, species composing the sample. This proportion can be expressed as a number of the macromolecules or particles of a given molar mass or diameter, respectively, relative to the number of aU macromolecules or particles in the sample ... 

Identify each of the following as an extensive or intensive physical property. (3.1)... 

The process relationship for the target quantity 32 (or for a) can be formulated either with extensive or intensive quantities. The difference lies in the choice of the process parameter. The dispersion characteristic formulated with extensive quantities uses as the process parameter the extensive quantity stirrer speed and leads, assuming a given geometry (stirrer type D/d, H/d, h/d = const), to the following dependence (the index d indicating the physical properties of the dispersed phase, no index indicating the physical properties of the continuous phase) ... 

It is fortunate, since the literature of halogen compounds is so extensive, that many books and reviews are available. These alone should be adequate for some purposes. When more extensive or intensive literature surveys are required, the abstract journals or indexing volumes must be consulted, and here a familiarity with subject headings is helpful. 

Identify each physical property as extensive or intensive. 

Until recently, households had little accurate information about the fresh fish consumed in regards to its eountry of production or catch, its origin (wild or farmed) and the production process (extensive or intensive). As a consequence of asymmetric information, prices did not provide adequate signals of quality and/or origin. An improvement is expected by the mandatory EC Regulation 2065/01, applied in January 2002, on informing eonsumers about the method of produetion and eateh area of fishery and aquaeulture produets. 

Any property of matter that can be measured can be classified as extensive or intensive. 

Similar problems appear in many other systems as well, such as in the galvanic cells which we will discuss in Chap. 23. In parallel and series connections, voltage U and transported charge Q behave like F and / in our example. The possibility of classifying quantities as either extensive or intensive is a distinctive feature of homogeneous systems and should not be thoughtlessly generalized. 

When we say that lead is a denser metal than aluminum, are we talking about an extensive or intensive property ... 

All measurable properties of matter may be additionally categorized as extensive or intensive. The measured value of an extensive property depends on how much matter is being considered. Mass, which is the quantity of matter in a given sample of a substance, is an extensive property. More matter means more mass. Values of the same extensive property can be added together. For example, two copper pennies have a combined mass that is the sum of the mass of each penny, and the length of two tennis courts is the sum of the length of each tennis court. Volume, defined as length cubed, is another extensive property. The value of an extensive property depends on the amount of matter. 

Units can be extensive or intensive. Extensive units sum to become larger. Length has an extensive unit that is, 5 feet of rope may be one piece or it may be 5 1 foot rope segments joined together. Mass has an extensive unit. On the other hand, intensive units do not sum to become larger that is, temperature, density, and viscosity have intensive units [6-8]. 

Most of the properties studied by thermodynamics may be classified as either extensive or intensive. We can distinguish these two types of properties by tbe following considerations. 

Is /i an extensive or intensive variable What about the partial molar volume The partial molar entropy ... 

Physical properties These properties describe the physical characteristics of a substance. The mass, volume, and color of a substance are physical properties, and so is its ability to conduct electricity. Physical properties can be extensive or intensive ... 

Thermodynamic properties can be either extensive or intensive. Extensive properties depend on the size of the system while intensive properties do not. In other words, extensive properties are additive intensive properties are not additive. An easy way to test whether a property is intensive or extensive is to ask yourself, Would the value for this property change if I divided the system in half If the answer is no, the property is intensive. If the answer is yes, the property is extensive. For example, if we divide the system depicted in Figure 1.1 in half, the temperature on either side remains the same. Thus, the value of temperature does not change, and we conclude that temperature is intensive. 

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