Joining segments

Hochtl, J., MUller, C.R., Zachau, H.G. (1982). Recombined flanks of the variable and joining segments of immunoglobulin genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79,1383-1387. 

Wood, C. Tonegawa, S. (1983). Diversity and joining segments of mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain genes are closely linked and in the same orientation implications for the joining mechanism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 3030-3034. 

Figure 14.2 Immunoglobulin gene pools found in mammals (not drawn to scale) V, variable-region genes J, joining segment C, constant region hatched areas are introns and leaders.

Figure 1. Schematic view of a design concept for CMC combustion chambers, based on joined segments (left and center). WHIPOX combustion chamber shingle with laser drilled cooling channels for rig testing (right).

MBR major breakpoint region MCR minor cluster region V variable segments D diversity segments J joining segments C constant region TE transcriptional enhancer... 

V Variable segments, D Diversity segments, J Joining segments, C Constant segments, N Hypervariable regin... 

L Leader region V Variable segments J Joining segments C Constant segments N Hypervariable region Kde Kappa deleting element... 

In this case it is necessary that an -AB joined segment exists between branching sites. This is equivalent to saying that... 

Chemical crosslinks may be obtained by randomly joining segments in already formed chains, by random copolymerization, or by end-linking functionally-terminated chains. Sulfur cures, peroxide cures, and high-energy irradiations are familiar methods of random crosslinking. Copolymerization monomers where at least one type has three or more reactive sites also lead to randomly crosslinked networks. Formation of networks by end-linking... 

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