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Extended-spectrum /3-lactamases

G. A. Jacoby, A. A. Medeiros, More Extended-Spectrum /3-Lactamases , Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1991, 35, 1697-1704. [Pg.243]

Cephalosporins are similar to penicillins, but more stable to many bacterial 3 lactamases and therefore have a broader spectrum of activity. However, strains of E coli and Klebsiella species expressing extended-spectrum 3 lactamases that can hydrolyze most cephalosporins are becoming a problem. Cephalosporins are not active against enterococci and L monocytogenes. [Pg.989]

ESBL extended spectrum /3-lactamase MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus PBP penicillin binding protein... [Pg.476]

Lactamases hydrolyse the cyclic amide bond in susceptible /(-lactam molecules so that antibiotics are unable to bind to PBPs [179]. In Gramnegative bacteria, /(-lactamases are intracellular with a periplasmic location, whereas in Gram-positive bacteria they are mainly excreted from the cell and thus are extracellular [180]. Extended-spectrum /(-lactamases are plasmid-enclosed enzymes that confer resistance on those /(-lactams (e.g. cefo-... [Pg.161]

Enzymatic inactivation or modification of antibiotics has been discussed by many authors [179-182, 186-188], As described earlier, /(-lactams may be susceptible to /(-lactamases. During the past 30-odd years, several -lactams have been synthesized that are less susceptible to these enzymes. Such drugs include (i) newer types of /(-lactam structures, e.g. carbapenems (37), cephamycins (40) and carbacephems (53), and (ii) modifications of the side-chains of existing penams (38) or cephems (39) [317]. Nevertheless, the wide diversity of /(-lactamases [180,181,318] means that organisms producing enzymes with broad-spectrum activity may be able to resist some members of the /(-lactam group, /(-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid (36), and the penicillanic acid sulphone (54) derivatives, tazobactam (55) and sulbactam (56) have been combined with, and protect, appropriate /(-lactamase-susceptible penicillins, with useful clinical results. Most extended-spectrum /(-lactamases are susceptible to these inhibitors, but newer -lactamase inhibitors may still be needed. [Pg.184]

Because they cause prolonged inactivation of certain fi-lactamases. class I inhibitors ate particularly useful in combination with extended-spectrum, lactamase-sen.sitive penicillins to treat infections caused by lactamase-producing bacteria. Three such inhibitors, clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam. are currently marketed in the United States for this purpose. A class II inhibitor, the carbapenem derivative imipenem. has potent antibacterial activity in addition to its ability to cause transient inhibition of some /3-lactamases. Certain antibacterial cephalosporins with a leaving group at the C-3 position can cause transient inhibition of lactamases by forming stabilized acylenzyme intermiediates. These are discu.ssed more fiilly below in this chapter. [Pg.315]

Extended-spectrum lactamase-producing E. coli Blood, urinary tract, biliary, gastrointestinal, indwelling devices, implants CoUstin, tigecycUne... [Pg.187]

Extended-spectrum lactamase-producing Klebs iella pneumon ia Lung, blood, indwelling devices, implants TigecycUne... [Pg.187]

Health care MRSA, extended-spectrum P-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. [Pg.1050]

Other Imipenem/cilistatin, meropenem, ertapenem, or extended-spectrum penicillins with B-lactamase inhibitor 1. Ciprofloxacin with metronidazole 2. Aztreonam with clindamycin or metronidazole 3. Antianaerobic cephalosporins.3... [Pg.1135]

Monotherapy with imipenem 0.5 g IV every 6-8 hours, meropenem 1 g IV every 8 hours, ertapenem 1 g IV every 24 hours, extended-spectrum penicillins with a /3-lactamase inhibitor (piperacillin/tazobactam 4.5 g IV every 6 hours), or tigecycline 100 mg IV as loading dose, then 50 mg IV every 12 hours... [Pg.529]

Genes encoding extended spectrum p-lactamases confer resistance to p-lactams... [Pg.175]

Literak I, Dolejska M, Radimersky T et al (2010) Antimicrobial-resistant faecal Escherichia coli in wild mammals in central Europe multrresistant Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in wild boars. J Appl Microbiol 108(5) 1702-1711... [Pg.204]

Poeta P, Radhouani H, Igrejas G et al (2008) Seagulls of the Berlengas natural reserve of Portugal as carriers of fecal Escherichia coli harboring CTX-M and TEM extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Appl Environ Microbiol 74(23) 7439-7441... [Pg.209]

Chen H, Shu W, Chang X et al (2010) The profile of antibiotics resistance and integrons of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing thermotolerant coliforms isolated from the Yangtze River basin in Chongqing. Environ Pollut 158(7) 2459-2464... [Pg.211]

Girlich D, Poirel L, Nordmann P (2011) Diversity of clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum beta-lactamases iaAeromonas spp. from the Seine River, Paris, France. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55(3) 1256-1261... [Pg.212]

Bassetti M, Righi E, Fasce R, Molinari MR Rosso R, Di Biagio A, Mussap M, Pallavicini FB, Viscoli C. (2007) Efficacy of Ertapenem in the treatment of early ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms in an intensive care unit. J Antimicrob Chemother 60 433 35. [Pg.130]

Kaniga K, Flamm R, Tong SY, Lee M, Friedland I, Redman R. (2010) Worldwide experience with the use of doripenem against extended-spectrum-P-lactamase-producing and ciprofloxacin-resistant enterobacteriaceae Analysis of sixphase 3 chnical studies. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54 2119-2124. [Pg.134]

Obstetric infections can be treated with penicillin-beta-lactamase inhibitors such as amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, with extended spectrum penicillins (with or without beta-lacamase inhibitors if justified by local resistance surveillance data), with a first or second generation cephalosporin combined with metronidazole. In severe cases of streptococcal infection high doses of penicillin in combination with clindamycin is the treatment of choice. In amnionitis, maternal morbidity resolves with delivery. In endometritis, antibiotics should be stopped after the... [Pg.537]

Figure 1.6 Number of antibiotic prescriptions per 1000 inhabitants per antibiotic anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) classification in 13 European countries in 1997. In parentheses are the ATCs used by the WHO. Tet = tetracyclines, Pen = penicillin, Ex-Pen = extended-spectrum penicillins, B-Lac = (3-lactamase-sensitive penicillins. Cep = cephalosporins, TMP = trimethoprim (alone or in combination), Mac + Lin = macrolides and lincosamides, Mac = macrolides, Lin = lincosamides. Ami = aminoglycosides, and Qui = quinolone. The 13 countries are SP = Spain, GR = Greece, BG = Belgium, PR = Prance, PL = Portugal, IT = Italy, PI = Pinland, UK = United Kingdom, DE = Denmark, AU = Austria, GE = Germany, SW = Switzerland, and NL = Netherlands. (Based on data from Molstad et al., 2002.)... Figure 1.6 Number of antibiotic prescriptions per 1000 inhabitants per antibiotic anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) classification in 13 European countries in 1997. In parentheses are the ATCs used by the WHO. Tet = tetracyclines, Pen = penicillin, Ex-Pen = extended-spectrum penicillins, B-Lac = (3-lactamase-sensitive penicillins. Cep = cephalosporins, TMP = trimethoprim (alone or in combination), Mac + Lin = macrolides and lincosamides, Mac = macrolides, Lin = lincosamides. Ami = aminoglycosides, and Qui = quinolone. The 13 countries are SP = Spain, GR = Greece, BG = Belgium, PR = Prance, PL = Portugal, IT = Italy, PI = Pinland, UK = United Kingdom, DE = Denmark, AU = Austria, GE = Germany, SW = Switzerland, and NL = Netherlands. (Based on data from Molstad et al., 2002.)...
Chemical Class Penicillin derivative, extended-spectrum p-lactamase inhibitor (tazobactam)... [Pg.997]

Production of enzymes to degrade the antibiotic, e.g. novel (3-lactamases, extended-spectrum p-lactamases, or aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. [Pg.235]

See other pages where Extended-spectrum /3-lactamases is mentioned: [Pg.103]    [Pg.255]    [Pg.1196]    [Pg.986]    [Pg.993]    [Pg.994]    [Pg.178]    [Pg.103]    [Pg.22]    [Pg.172]    [Pg.1906]    [Pg.2194]    [Pg.2199]    [Pg.451]    [Pg.22]    [Pg.172]    [Pg.88]    [Pg.993]    [Pg.1007]    [Pg.73]    [Pg.103]    [Pg.251]    [Pg.255]    [Pg.334]    [Pg.1057]    [Pg.1133]    [Pg.1135]    [Pg.1135]    [Pg.1196]    [Pg.475]    [Pg.225]    [Pg.227]    [Pg.354]    [Pg.179]    [Pg.27]    [Pg.259]    [Pg.531]    [Pg.533]    [Pg.986]    [Pg.992]    [Pg.993]    [Pg.993]    [Pg.994]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.5 , Pg.619 ]



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