Extended history

Reagan MK, Volpe AM, Cashman KV (1992) and Th-series chronology of phonolite fractionation at Mount Erebus, Antartica. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56 1401-1407 Reagan MK, Morris JD, Herrstrom EA, Murrell MT. (1994) Uranium series and beryllium isotope evidence for an extended history of subduction modification of the mantle below Nicaragua. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58 4199-4212... 

Thermodynamic perturbation theory has an extended history (Peierls, 1933 Kirkwood, 1983 Zwanzig, 1954 Landau etal., 1980, Section 3.2 Peierls, 1979, Section 3.3) and a decided practical utility. Here we discuss one of the subtler... 

Uranium series and beryllium isotope evidence for an extended history of subduction modification of the mantle below Nicaragua. Geochim. Gosmochim. Acta 58, 4199-4212. 

Photocatalytic Polymers. The electrochemical experiments cited above were chosen from a vast body of recent polymer coated electrode work. Likewise the field of polymer supported photoredox catalysts is also broad and has a more extended history. Possibly a common linkage between electrochemical and photochemical catalyses, assisted by polymers, can be traced to oxidation of ascorbic acid (AH2). In 1966 Davidov (20a) found that light exposed, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) containing solutions of AH2 consumed oxygen in a measurably different manner than similar solutions without AH2. (Simple photoabsorption of 02 also occurs). 

When NORM is brought to the surface, it remains in the rock pieces of the drill cuttings, remains in solution with produced water, or, under certain conditions, precipitates out in scales or sludge. The radiation from this NORM is weak and cannot penetrate dense materials such as the steel used in pipes and tanks (Smith et al., 1996). The principal concern for NORM in the oil and gas industry is that, over time, it can become concentrated in field production equipment (API, 2004) and as sludge or sediment inside tanks and process vessels that have an extended history of contact with formation water (BSEEC, 2012). Because the general public does not come into contact with oilfield equipment for extended periods, there is little exposure risk from oilfield NORM. Studies have shown that exposure risks for workers and the public are low for conventional oil and gas operations (BSEEC, 2012 Smith et al., 1996). 

Surprisingly this is not only because of the lack of extended history but also because of the infinite number of possible different service conditions. The number of factors that could influence the duration of adhesion is vast. Some examples are ... 

The hard segments may be formed by the reaction of a diisocyanate and a chain extender . Early in the history of polyurethanes, high molecular weight urethanes were formed in two steps. The prepolymer step was the reaction between an excess... 

Object in this section is to review how rheological knowledge combined with laboratory data can be used to predict stresses developed in plastics undergoing strains at different rates and at different temperatures. The procedure of using laboratory experimental data for the prediction of mechanical behavior under a prescribed use condition involves two principles that are familiar to rheologists one is Boltzmann s superposition principle which enables one to utilize basic experimental data such as a stress relaxation modulus in predicting stresses under any strain history the other is the principle of reduced variables which by a temperature-log time shift allows the time scale of such a prediction to be extended substantially beyond the limits of the time scale of the original experiment. 

Arsenal extended to the year 1902, and the history of the depot was one of gradual construction with the ultimate idea of an establishment for the storage of powder. However, a few years before the Spanish American War, the depot began assembling powder charges for cannon. This propellant charge loading, Picatinny s first production activity, has never ceased... 

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