Explosives tetrytol

UV detectors, ECD, and TEA have been used with HPLC to analyze explosives The UV detector was the first to be used with HPLC and is still the most popular some explosives can be detected in the nanogram range with the UV detector, including TNT, RDX, tetryl, PETN, tetrytol, nitroglycerine, EGDN, and HMX... 

Slurries of energetic materials from two sources are treated in the SILVER II process the explosive in the rocket and projectile burster tubes (which may be either Composition B or tetrytol) and the ground-up M28 propellant grain in the rocket motors. 

Bursters from 155-mm, M110 mustard agent projectiles are transferred by the PMD burster transfer conveyor to the burster size-reduction machine. This is a baseline-system rocket shear machine (RSM) modified to perform burster size reduction. The M6 bursters from these projectiles are cut into three equal-length sections to reduce the time required to separate/deactivate the tetrytol explosive in the COINS. From the burster size-reduction machine, the burster sections drop into the projectile component discharge hopper, through double blast gates, to the projectile component discharge chute... 

M36 and M34 bursters from rockets are placed in COINS without shearing. These bursters require less exposure time for melting and reaction of the Composition B explosive than the tetrytol in projectile bursters. The energetic material in these rocket bursters is fully extracted from the burster metal and plastic hardware during the COINS processing. 

Numerous aromatic nitramines have been synthesized but only A,2,4,6-tetranitro-A-methylaniline (tetryl) and l-(2-nitroxyethylnitramino)-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (pentryl) have found practical use as explosives. Both tetryl and pentryl are more powerful than TNT. Tetryl is widely used in boosters and as a component of explosive formulations like tetrytol (tetryl/TNT), PTX-1 (tetryl/RDX/TNT) and Composition C-3 (tetryl/RDX/TNT/DNT/MNT/NC). 

Table XI entitled "Classification of Explosives with Respect to Hazard From Electric Sparks . Dangerous expls are BkPdr, DADNPh, EC Powder, Expl D , LA.LSt, MF, Tetracene, Tetryl, Tetrytol Ungraphited Smokeless Propint. Non-... 

Higb-Explosive Grenades contain HE for fragmentation or blast effect, the expl being TNT, Tetrytol, Pentolite, Cyclonite etc Chemical Grenades contain a special mixture for Chemical Warfare (CW). The special type of filling in common use is HC smoke mixt, and such grenades are known as smoke gre-... 

Block Explosives. Certain expls such as TNT, Tetrytol, RDX comps, NC NS compns, when in the form of cast or pressed blocks, are called block expls. These blocks are usually used for demolition purposes... 

Tetrytol-Cyclonite Explosive. Prepd by melting Tetrytol and adding Cycionite to the melt so that the resulting compn contained Tetryl 11.7, TNT 16.4 and Cycionite 71.9%. This mixt was cast loaded into 76.2mm APHE shell Ref Anon, PB Rept 11544 (1945)... 

Tetritol CycJonite. Russ for Tetryl/TNT/RDX 11.7/16.4/71.9. See under Tetrytol-Cyclonite Explosive1 in Russian Explosives and Related Items in this Vol... 

Tetrytol, a mixture of TNT and Tetryl, adopted as a military high explosive. 

Following values are considered to be the minimum loading densities of expis TNT (cast) 1.54 50/50 - Amatol (cast) 1.50 80/20 - Amatol (extrusion - loaded) 1.38 Explosive D (press-loaded in AP shells) 1.45 Explosive D (press-loaded in he shells) 1.35 Tetrytol (cast) 1.60 50/50 Pentolite (cast) 1.65 60/40 Composition B (cast) 1.67 Trimonite (cast) 1.60... 

Tetryl has been used as an expl since 1906. In the early part of this century it was frequently used as the base charge of blasting caps but is now replaced by PETN or RDX. During WWII it was used as a component of expl mixts (see Tetrytols in this Vol). Tetryl is still used in military boosters and leads (the expl component of a fuze between the detonator and booster), but even here it is being replaced by plastic-bonded or waxed RDX and HMX expls. A widely used shock sensitivity test employs Tetryl as the donor charge (see Shock Sensitivity of Explosives in this Vol)... 

TNT is a high explosive. In comparison to many other high explosives, it is insensitive to heat, shock, or friction. Small amounts may bum quietly without detonation. However, when heated rapidly or subjected to strong shock, it detonates. Its detonation temperature is 470°C (878°F) and its velocity is between 5.1 and 6.9 km/s. In combination with other explosives, TNT is widely used as a military and industrial explosive. Amatol, cyclonite, and tetrytol are some of the examples of such explosive combinations. Amatol is a composition of 80% ammonium nitrate and 20% TNT by mass. TNT itself has a very high brisance. 

Tetryl, like RDX, is a solid at the temperatures in the hydrolysis reactor. For the neat tetryl in burster charges, the grain size depends on the extent to which the pressed explosive charges have been processed prior to being added to the hydrolysis reactor. The case of tetryl in tetrytol is quite different. TNT and tetryl are very similar chemically, so the solubility of tetryl in molten TNT is quite high (82 g/100 g TNT at 80°C [176°F] 149 g/100 g TNT at 100°C [212°F]) (Kaye and Herman, 1980). Tetryl in tetrytol is mostly dissolved in the TNT phase, so the rate of dissolution and subsequent reaction in the hydrolysis medium depends mainly on the TNT/tetryl droplet size and not on the particle size of the tetryl that was originally used to make the tetrytol. 

A SB-P-CD-assisted EKC method for the determination of cyclic nitramine explosives and related degradation intermediates and the 14 ERA listed explosives (borate/SDS electrolyte) has been described. " A volatile electrolyte composed of SB- -CD modified ammonium acetate buffer was selected for the EKC-MS detection of nitroaromatic and cyclic nitramine compounds in soil and marine sediment, as detailed in Table 31.7. The use of phosphate/SDS electrolytes was reported in the separation of the 14 listed nitramine and nitroaromatic explosives for the analysis of extracts of high explosives such as C-4, tetrytol, and detonating cord. " ... 

Only a small amount of PA was observed in the solids formed during the tetrytol testing (O Neil, 2001). However, if a mixed feed stream containing an aromatic nitro compound (Composition B and tetryl or tetrytol) is processed with a propellant that contains lead, lead picrate (a very sensitive primary explosive) can be formed. During the M28 propellant tests, lead dioxide precipitated on the cell membrane, so it is possible that the precipitation of lead with the small amount of picric acid that might be present does not compete with the formation of lead dioxide in the electrochemical cell. However, the possibility of lead picrate precipitation cannot be dismissed a priori. A determination of the relative solubilities of lead dioxide and lead picrate in nitric acid solutions could provide some insight into whether the formation of lead picrate is likely to be a problem for mixed feeds. 

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