Explosive materials

The hazard posed can be limited by maintaining a zone free of people and property around a storage area of explosive material. The minimum radius of the zone depends on the type and quantity of explosive, the extent and type of barrica ding, and the magnitude of loss that would be encountered if an explosive incident occurred. The maximum distance to which hazardous explosive effects propagate depends on the blast overpressure created, which as a first approximation is a function of the cube root of the explosive weight, W. This is termed the quantity distance and is defined as... 

Demilitarization and Disposal of Explosive Material. An important consequence of international agreements to greatiy reduce the stockpiles of conventional and nuclear munitions is the intensification of a program to develop procedures to destroy, recycle, and/or reclaim explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnic material efficientiy and without significant environmental impact. 

Qualification andFinal (Type) Qualification Procedures for Navy Explosive Materials, NAVSEA Inst. 8020.5A Sept. 1984, and 8020.5B May 1988. 

Dow Fire and Explosion Index. The Dow Eire and Explosion Index (3) is a procedure usehil for determining the relative degree of hazard related to flammable and explosive materials. This Index form works essentially the same way as an income tax form. Penalties are provided for inventory, extended temperatures and pressures, reactivity, etc, and credits are appHed for fire protection systems, process control (qv), and material isolation. The complete procedure is capable of estimating a doUar amount for the maximum probable property damage and the business intermptionloss based on an empirical correlation provided with the Index. 

American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice. In 1990, the American Petroleum Institute issued a recommended practice on Management of Process Ha2ards (35). The stated objective was to help prevent the occurrence of, or minimi2e the consequences of, catastrophic releases of toxic, flammable, or explosive materials. 

Ability to handle gas streams containing flammable or explosive materials Disadvantages... 

NFPA 495 Explosive Materials Code, 1996 edition. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA. 

The quantities of potentially explosive materials in store and in use should be strictly limited. 

Work should be on a scale of <0.5 g for novel but potentially explosive material until the hazards have been fully evaluated and <5 g for established, commercially available, substances such as peroxide free-radical initiators. 

Can hazards from the reaction be reduced by changing the relative concentration of reactants or other operating conditions Can side reactions produce toxic or explosive material, or cause dangerous fouling ... 

Lethal range for releases of toxic or explosive materials such as an ammonia spilt on water or land, or explosion or conflagration from a cloud of methane or liquefied petroleum gas... 

Event Group Number Number of Events Explosion Material Source Energy Range (J) Vessel Shape Vessel Mass (kg) Number of Fragments... 

Secure the scene get medical attention to tlie injured. Move bystanders aw ay to a safe distance. Inform print and electronic media. Protect people and property as necessary. Be aware tliat explosive materials and toxic vapors can do damage at a great distance... 

Keep flammable and explosive materials away from heat sources. 

Takayama, Explosive Material Containing Ciay Having Wet-Swelling Nature , JapP 7518052 (1975) CA 83, 195956 (1975) 35) W. 

Acetone cyanohydrin nitrate should be regarded as a moderately explosive material and should be handled carefully and distilled behind a safety shield. For purposes of comparison, the drop-weight sensitivities on the Olin-Mathieson drop-weight tester of three materials are propyl nitrate, 10 kg.-cm. acetone cyanohydrin nitrate, 40 kg.-cm. nitromethane, 60 kg.-cm. 

Can side reactions produce toxic or explosive material, or cause dangerous fouling ... 

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