Explosion hatches

DeNora. . c titamum Teflon-lined steel mbber as explosion hatch Teflon-lined... 

U gine- Kuhlmann steel steel bottom, titanium top mbber as explosion hatch titanium... 

The investigation team found that the reaction accelerated beyond the heat-removal capacity of the reactor. The resulting high temperature led to a secondary runaway decomposition reaction, causing an explosion that blew the hatch off the reactor and allowed the release of the contents from the vessel. 

Explosibility of agricultural and other dusts) 16) W. Matla, Rec 55, 173-91 (1936) CA 30, 4323(1936) (Discussion on mechanism of dust explns and their prevention by the use of non-combustible dusts) 17) P. Drinker T. Hatch, "Industrial Dust , McGraw-Hill,... 

Approved explosion venting windows are available. Also, sky-lights, roof hatches, or light windows hinged at the top and carefully installed to swing outward under even slight pressure can be useful. Under some conditions, doors equipped with releasing latches may be utilized as vents... 

In the hold of the Grandcamp, the condition of confinement was one of venting, as the hatch was open at the instant of explosion. Whether... 

Examples of common safe practices are pressure relief valves, vent systems, flare stacks, snuffing steam and fire water, escape hatches in explosive areas, dikes around tanks storing hazardous materials, turbine drives as spares for electrical motors in case of power failure, and others. Safety considerations are paramount in the layout of the plant, particularly isolation of especially hazardous operations and accessibility for corrective action when necessary. 

Now I will describe the U.S. Coast Guard test site and the explosion suppression systems used. The pump room measured 40 feet from the bilge level to the top hatch, and 32 feet from port side to starboard, and 16 feet from fore to aft. The total volume, including two first level wings, minus the space consumed by the pumps and other obstructions, was 18,000 cubic feet. 

Fig. XIV. 10. Ignition limits for equimolar mixtures of CjHs and O2. Limits after work of D. M. Newitt and L. S. Thornes, J, Chem. Soc., 1656, 1669 (1937). The thin dark-hatched boundary between slow combustion and explosion is the region of intense blue flames. The contoured regions designated as cool flame regions arc numbered after the number of successive cool flames which can be observed in them.

Hatch heads and match head compositions make good gunpowder. Grush the heads if you want them Co burn faster. Host firecracker compositions work fine. Some cannon cracker compositions are very fast so be careful Flash cracker compositions are also fast. Nearly any mixture that burns violently without detonating will work. Anything that detonates like fulminates and high explosives will certainly blow up the gun. 

Ammonium nitrate is the most important fertilizer in the world (see p. 96). It ranked fifteenth among the industrial chemicals produced in the United States in 1995 (8 million tons). Unfortunately, it is also a powerful explosive. In 1 947 an explosion occurred aboard a ship being loaded with the fertilizer in Texas. The fertilizer was in paper bags and apparently blew up after sailors tried to stop a fire in the ship s hold by closing a hatch, thereby creating the compression and heat necessary for an explosion. More than six hundred people died as a result of the accident. More recent disasters involving ammonium nitrate took place at the World Trade Center in New York City in 1993 and at the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City in 1995. 

Communication problems. Communication between the worker inside the confined space and the attendent outside is of utmost importance. If the worker should suddenly feel distressed and not be able to summon help, an injury could become a fatality. Frequently, the body positions that are assumed in a confined space make it difficult for the attendant to detect an unconscious worker. When visual monitoring of the worker is not possible because of the design of the confined space or location of the entry hatch, a voice or alarm-activated explosion-proof-type of communication system will be necessary. An approved type of illumination is required to provide sufficient visibility. 

Figures. Explosive limits of chlorine-hydrogen-other gas mixture Horizontally hatched area = Explosive region with residue gas from chlorine liquefaction (O2, Nj, CO2)...

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