Exploitative research

Based on these mechanisms a new frontier in the application of enzymes to biotechnology, including the development of synthetic enzymes (synzymes)82,83 will be exploited. Research on structure-function relationships between ribozymes and abzymes will lead to the development of a number of sequence specific catalysts, which will control expression of a specific gene or its products, and eventually to application as pathogen controls in agriculture and to clinical use. Sequence specific abzymes may also facilitate research on the primary structure determination of protein. 

In the longer term, the possibilities for other renewable sources of fuels, such as hydrogen, need to be exploited.. .. Research in this sector should... 

Quaternary sector technological exploitation (research, design, and development)... 

Exploitation research activity is realized during object exploitation in order to determine its current and future operation, technical and reliability condition. In complex and advanced technical objects several research methods are used simultaneously based on data in various form (determined, probabilistic and heuristic signals). 

The choice of the vector d is very important for the exploitation of cooccurrence matrix. For segmentation operation, d will be calculated with the result that could separate the noise of defects. We will have therefore to research transitions to frontiers, that is to say couples (i, j) such that i is an intensity linked to the noise and j an intensity linked to the defect. 

To foster a close relationship with the chemical, petroleum, gas, and energy industries and governmental agencies for the exchange of information and knowledge and to ensure that research results and discoveries of significance will be effectively exploited... 

Trends in the research and development of phosphoms flame retardants have been in the direction of less volatile, less toxic, more stable compounds, and where feasible, in the direction of built-in phosphoms stmctures. At the same time, there have been an increasing number of regulatory delays in new compounds, and the existent materials are finding increased exploitation in the form of mixtures. Some interest is also noted in encapsulation. 

Although less researched than the 2-position, modifications at the 6-position of intact penems have been reported. Generation of the dianion of the penem (52, R = CH ) using a strong base such as / -butyUithium or lithium diisopropylamide, followed by reaction with electrophiles yields 6-substituted 2-methylpenems in moderate yield (128). The enhanced acidity of the 6-proton in the bromopenem (88) [114409-16-4] h.a.s been exploited to prepare the... 

Microbiological leaching of copper and uranium has been commercially developed and research has iadicated that microorganisms may be used to oxidize complex antimony sulfide minerals (22,23). If this technology is developed commercially, it may aHow for the exploitation of many low grade antimony deposits. 

The underlying assumption driving marine natural products chemistry research is that secondary metabolites produced by marine plants, animals, and microorganisms will be substantially different from those found in traditional terrestrial sources simply because marine life forms are very different from terrestrial life forms and the habitats which they occupy present very different physiological and ecological challenges. The expectation is that marine organisms will utilize completely unique biosynthetic pathways or exploit unique variations on well established pathways. The marine natural products chemistry research conducted to date has provided many examples that support these expectations. 

NRA exploits the body of data accumulated through research in low-energy nuclear physics to determine concentrations and distributions of specific elements or isotopes in a material. Two parameters important in interpreting NRA spectra are reaction Qvalues and cross sections. 

Metallurgists, also, were slow to feel at ease with the new techniques, and did not begin to exploit X-ray diffraction in any significant way until 1923. Michael Polanyi (1891-1976), in an account of his early days in research (Polanyi 1962) describes how he and Herman Mark determined the crystal structure of white tin from a single crystal in 1923 just after they had done this, they received a visit from a Dutch colleague who had independently determined the same structure. The visitor vehemently maintained that Polanyi s structure was wrong in Polanyi s words, only after hours of discussion did it become apparent that his structure was actually the same as ours, but looked different because he represented it with axes turned by 45° relative to ours . 

It is no exaggeration to claim that it was the extensive worldwide body of research on semiconductors from the late 1930s onwards that converted physicists to the recognition that scrupulous control of purity, stoichiometry and crystal perfection, together with characterisation methods that could check on these features, are a precondition of understanding the nature of semiconductors and thus also a precondition of exploiting them successfully - indeed, not only semiconductors but, by extension, many kinds of materials. 

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