Explants

Oxidimetbiin acts as a defoHant by eliciting the formation of an abscission layer at the middle lameUa, and examination with cotton explants indicates that ceUulase activity is increased at the abscission zone. 

Since this text is not solely devoted to HRA, the above process is by necessity simplified. A more defined interaction is shown in Figure 4.5-2. Here HRA interacts with the development of the system models and feeds into not only the accident sequences but also the physical analysis of the inplant and explant accident progress,... 

Luk, C. K., and Dulfano, M. J. (1983). Effect of pH, viscosity and ionic-.srrengtb changes on ciliary beating frequency of human bronchial explants. Clin. Sc. 64, 449-451. 

Couchman, J.R., Rees, D.A. (1979). The behavior of fibroblasts migrating from chick heart explants Changes in adhesion, locomotion and growth, and in the distribution of actomyosin and fi-bronectin. J. Cell Sci. 39, 149-165. 

Animal cell cultures that are initiated from cells removed directly from the animal are called primary cultures (Figure 2). Primary cultures include both explant cultures (i.e., cultures initiated from small pieces of intact tissue), as well as cultures initiated from preparations of individual or dispersed cells (obtained from intact tissue by mechanical or proteolytic dismption). Nerve fiber explant cultures in blood plasma were among the earliest types of tissue cultures (Harrison, 1907). Cells grow out from such tissue explants and form a single layer of cells completely filling the tissue culture vessel surface. Such cell cultures are called confluent monolayers. Confluent monolayers can then be treated with trypsin, so as to remove the individual cells from the culture vessel surface. The resulting cell suspension is then transferred into other culture containers, so that more viable monolayer... 

Mott, R.L. Steward, F.C. (1972). Solute accumulation in plant cells. I. Reciprocal relations between electrolytes and ions in carrot explants as they grow. Annals of Botany, 36, 621. 

A ketene acetal-terminated prepolymer was first prepared from 2 eq of the diketene acetal 3,9-bis(ethylidene-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro-[5,5]undecane) and 1 eq of the diol 3-raethyl-l,5-pentanediol and. then 30 wt% levonorgestrel, 7 wt% Mg(OH)2j and a 30 mole% excess of 1,2,6-hexanetriol mixed into the prepolymer. This mixture was then extruded into rods and cured. Erosion and drug release from these devices was studied by implanting the rod-shaped devices subcutaneously into rabbits, explanting at various time intervals, and measuring weight loss and residual drug (15). 

The explanted devices were also examined by scanning electron microscopy and the results shown in Fig. 21 (18). The pictures clearly show a progressive diminution of a central uneroded zone and the development of voids around the periphery of the rod-shaped device. The presence of voids suggest that once erosion starts, generation of hydrophilic degradation products at that location accelerates further polymer hydrolysis. 

Cl. Olhoft, P.M., Donavan, C.M., and Somers, D.A., Soybean (Glycine max) transfor-maion using mature cotyledonary node explants, Meth. Mol. Biol. 343, 385, 2006. 

Eberhard, S., Doubrava, N., Marfk, V., Mohnen, D., Southwick, A., DarviU, A., and Albersheim, P. (1989) Pectic cell wall fragments regulate tobacco thin-ceU-layer explant morphogenesis. Plant Cell, 1 747-755. 

Cell culture and biosynthesis of polysaccharides. The Helianthus annuus 1805 cell culture was initiated according to a previously described method (7), using germs of Helianthus annuus as an explant. 

Several bioactive fractions from pea stem cell wall pectin have been separated. The fractions contained mainly galacturonides inhibited the process of root formation in thin cell-layer explants, while the fractions contained only neutral sugars stimulated this process to different extend. Analysis of the last fractions showed that they mainly consisted of galactan and arabinogalactan fragments. 

This paper reports on the separation of some fragments obtained by acid hydrolyses of pectin from pea shoot cell walls, which had effect on thin cell-layer explant rhizogenesis. 

After multistep fractionation of cell wall pectin hydrolysate several bioactive fractions were obtained. They exhibited various influence on process of root development in buckwheat thin cell-layer (BTCL) explants (Table 1). 

Effect of oligosaccharide fractions on root formation in BTCL explants after 20... 

Root fresh weight /explant, (mg) Number of roots/explant Day when 50% of explant form roots... 

Among them fractions IPAl, IPA2, 1PA3, IPA4 contained mostly galacturonic acid (Table 2) and apparently consisted of oligogalacturonides. These fractions inhibited root development in BTCL explants, the same effect of such fragments has been observed in tobacco TCL explants [16]. 

Addition of other fractions IPN4-IPN14 to the culture medium resulted in activation of root development in BTCL explants to different extent (Table 1). 

Thus, the hydrolysis of pectic polysaccharides revealed the fragments with different effect on TCL explant root formation. The neutral oligomers stimulated... 

Mesotheliomas are the characteristic asbestos-related tumours of the pleura. Exposure of explants of human pleura to crocidolite blue asbestos in culture produces a... 

I would really like to see development of models that are explant or in vivo models, where we can see the animal in a more integrated role and look at the corresponding in vitro events. 

AOSD, adult onset Still disease AS, ankylosing spondylitis CA, crystal-induced arthritis ERA, enthesitis-related arthritis JA, juvenile arthritis PA, psoriatic arthritis RA, rheumatoid arthritis SE, synovium explants SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus SPCIA, solid phase 2 site chemiluminescent immunometric assay RP, relapsing polychondritis. 

Human explants induced angiogenesis in rat cornea. Blocked by IL-8 antibodies. 

Growing clinical data also points to the importance of IL-8 in atherogenesis. IL-8 has been found in atheromatous lesions from patients with atherosclerotic disease including carotid artery stenosis (103), CAD (118), abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) (103,104,114), and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (104). Furthermore, studies using plaque explant samples have yielded more direct evidence for IL-8 involvement. Media from cultured AAA tissue induced IL-8-dependent human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) chemotaxis (122). Homocysteine, implicated as a possible biomarker for CAD, is also capable of inducing IL-8 (123-125) by direct stimulation of endothelial cells (123,124) and monocytes (125). When patients with hyperhomocysteinemia were treated with low-dose folic acid, decreases in homocysteine levels correlated with decreases in IL-8 levels (126). Statins significantly decrease serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1, as well as expression of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 mRNA by peripheral blood monocytes and HUVECs (127). Thus, IL-8 may be an underappreciated factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. 

Figure Is Left two-node explants of hydrilla showing new shoots (arrows) 2 weeks after excision (explants 2 cm long) middle ungerminated "winterbuds" of American pondweed (5 an long) right ungerminated tubers of sago pondweed (5 cm long).

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