Explanation-based generalization

Mitchell, T., Keller, R., and Cedar-Cabelli, S., Explanation-based generalization A unifying view. Mach. Learn. 1, 47-80 (1986). 

Kedar-Cabelli, S. and McCarthy, L. Explanation-based generalization as resolution theorem proving Proceedings of the Fourth Intematiorud Workshop on Machine Learning, University of California, Irvine, pp. 383-389.1987. 

In explanation-based generalization (EBG), there is some research on failure recovery (such as by [Gupta 87]), which is quite similar in spirit to the derivation of weakest pre-conditions. 

T. M. Mitchell, R. M. Keller, and S. T. Kedar-Cabelli. Explanation-based generalization A unifying view. Machine Learning l(l) 47-80,1986. 

Mooney, R.J., A General Explanation-Based Learning Mechanism and its Application to Narrative Understanding. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA (1990). 

Lapworth continued to caution Robinson that it was desirable to use reaction signs as generalizations of facts rather than as explanations based on hypotheses. 95... 

There is no general consensus on why the difference in the quantum yield of photosubstitutions is so large for 02-adducts (4> 10 3) and CO-adducts and on which excited states are responsible for this difference. An explanation based on a different efficiency of the recoordination of released 02 or CO molecules (geminate recombination) can be ruled out, as in the systems with the same biocomplex (e.g. Hb02 and HbCO) both molecules (02 and CO) have nearly identical escaping probability from the protein cage due to their similar size, mass and polarity. The reason could, therefore, lie in the different photoreactive excited states involved. 

We note that no explanations based on relaxation or localization effects are used to explain this low photo-emissive yield at Ep. Thus, as far as the analysis of photoemission data in general is concerned, a constant matrixelement assumption can easily lead to wrong conclusions about the importance of such effects. 

Classically, the bell-shaped dependence of rate of the enzymic reaction on pH has been attributed to general acid and base catalysis by the two histidine residues in the active site, His-12 and His-119 (66). Support for this explanation based on the kinetic properties of a model system was first provided by an observation by Breslow and co-workers that 8-cyclodextrin functionalized with two imidazole groups will catalyze the 1,2-cyclic phosphate of 4-rert-butylcatechol (67). The dependence of hydrolysis rate on pH mimics that of RNase A, and this behavior demonstrates that the presence of two imidazole functional groups on a nonionizable framework is the simplest kinetic mimic of the enzyme. 

As described above, more extensive jt back-bonding from metal to unsaturated ligands appears to retard the nucleophilic attack. It is also known that the metal-free alkene and alkyne molecules without electron-withdrawing substituent are generally not reactive with nucleophiles. Some explanations based on molecular orbital calculations have been presented for the specific role of a certain class of transition metals in facilitating the nucleophilic attack at alkenes and alkynes... 

From a chemical perspective the most important cosmological evidence includes the relationship between the periodicity of matter, prime numbers, Farey sequences, other aspects of number theory, cosmic abundance of the elements and nucleogenesis. These emerging periodic patterns are diametrically opposed to accepted explanations based on standard cosmology, but well in line with Veblen s projective relativity theory, Godel s solution of the general relativistic field equations and Segal s chronometric alternative to Hubble s law. 

---