Expert rules

Mayell, H. (2003), "Jesus Box" is a fake, Israeli experts rule, National Geographic News, June 18. 

Expert systems is a general term used to refer to computer programs that incorporate expert knowledge, usually in the form of rules, to duplicate the behavior of a human expert. Rules can be used to define process states ... 

The Federal Rules of Evidence (ERE) were adopted in 1975. Subsequently most states (at least 37) have adopted their own codified rules of evidence modeled closely on the FRE. For scientific evidence, the most relevant of the Rules are found in Article VII of the FRE in a section known as Opinions and Expert Testimony. Prior to 1993, some federal appellate courts had applied Rule 702 of the Federal Rules of Evidence to medical and scientific experts. (Rule 702 authorizes scientific testimony whenever it will assist the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in issue.) In 1993, in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 US 579, the Supreme Court of the United States issued an important interpretation of Rule 702. Seven of the nine justices ruled that judges must serve as evidentiary gatekeepers who determine whether proffered evidence is scientifically valid and relevant. The Court suggested several factors for judges to consider in determining whether to admit a particular theory or technique Is the theory or hypothesis testable Has it been tested Has the theory or technique been subjected to peer review and publication For a particular scientific technique or methodology, what is the known or potential rate of error What (if any) are the standards that control the technique s operation To what extent is the theory or technique generally accepted in the scientific community ... 

EcoDestgn Toot Manchester Metropolitan University/Nortel, UK [12] Decision support for designers based upon expert rules. 

To validate the performance of the proposed IPCS system on matching recommendations for cross-selling in a real-life environment, 48 fashion items of a fashion retailer, including a total of 538 expert rules, were used for experimental testing. These samples of fashion items belong to five product types, including dress, jacket, skirt, top and trousers. The distribution of apparel items in each product type and the potential 829 matching pairs are listed in Table 10.3. 

The Advanced level includes sophisticated use of the large amount of measurement data fuzzy temperature control by concentrate feed, oxygen enrichment control by 02-feed and furnace top temperature control by water addition. Also, this level includes process monitoring by means of SOM, as well as an advisory system based on expert rules (under development). 

Toxicity prediction is based on the assumption that an activity of chenucals depends on their structures. This statement is valid both for the creation of (Q)SAR models and for calculation of risk assessment using expert rules, which allow detecting the toxic compounds based on the so-called alerts, simple structural components associated with the manifestation of toxicity [8, 9, 10]. 

Third, Collins s apprentices can trust that expert rules can guide future behavior once tacit knowledge is articulated as scientific expertise. As one MSHA training manual reminds miners, however, no single plan or rule for roof bolting can guide behavior in all situations The plan was prepared to meet normal conditions in the mine. The miner may very likely encounter... 

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