Reproducibility experiments

Figure Bl.13.3. The inversion-recovery experiment. (Reproduced by pennission of VCFI from Banci L, Bertini I and Luchinat C 1991 Nuclear and Electron Relaxation (Weinlieim VCFI).)...

FIGURE 4-25 Normalized calculated concentration profiles for disk electrodes with different radii (r0), one second after start of a chronoaxnperometric experiment. (Reproduced with permission from reference 84.)... 

Figure 2. The binding and dissociation of FLPEP and receptor on intact neutrophils at 37 C The data are plotted as the specific binding of FLPEP (pmoles/10 cells) on a log plot versus time. Experimental details 10 cells/mL were exposed at time 0 to 1 nAf FLPEP. At 15, 30, 60, or 120 s, antibody to fluorescein is added to each sample. Fluorescence is monitored continuously during the additions. The data ate derived from a point-by-point comparison of the fluorescence measured under conditions of receptor binding and receptor blockade. Data are representative of observations in more than 10 separate experiments. (Reproduced with permission from reference 22. Copyright 19S7 Journal of Biological Chemistry.)...

Figure 3. Relationship between levels of protein kinase C and inhibition of EGF binding to Swiss 3T3 cells by PDBu and palytoxin. Confluent quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells were pretreated for 72 hr with 0.1% FCS plus solvent ( ), 20 nM PDBu (o), 200 nM PDBu (A), or 2000 nM ( ). Cells were then washed and treated with either 200 nM PDBu (A) or 11 pM palytoxin (B) for the times shown and assayed as in Figure 1. Other conditions were as described in the legend to Figure 2. The data for 200 nM PDBu are composites of two independent experiments. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 33. Copyright 1987 Cancer Research, Inc.)...

Figure 9.19 The Pt and Ir L3 edge in situ XANES spectra for Pto.8lro.2/Pd/C (20 nmol Pd) in 1 M HCIO4 at 0.47 V. The Pd loading in these nanoparticles has been doubled to enhance the Ir signal in the specific experiment. (Reproduced with permission from Vukmirovic et al. [2007].)...

Fig. 1 (a) REDOR experiment and (b) typical REDOR dephasing curve (D designates the dipole-dipole coupling, tr the rotor period, and Nc the number of rotor cycles for the REDOR experiment) (reproduced from [78] with permission), (c, d) REDOR based determination of statherin binding to a hydroxyapatite surface (reproduced from [79] with permission)... 

Fig. 11 (a) 2D NCO experiment with optimal control element inserted for 15N — 13C transfer. Transfer efficiencies for the ocNCO experiment optimized for 12 kHz spinning speed as function of (b) resonance offsets for 13C and 1SN and (c) rf inhomogeneity/adjustment in terms of scaling factors on the nominal rf field strengths for 13C and 15N. (d) Experimental ocNCO 2D spectrum of uniformly 13C,15N-labeled ubiquitin with the projections to the left comparing ocNCO experiment most intense) and DCP (less intense) based NCO experiments [reproduced with permission from [161] (a, d) and [164] (c)]... 

Fig. 14. Spatial distribution of the gas hold-up in a turbulent stirred vessel filled with a 0.075% Keltrol solution in water and agitated by a Rushton turbine (a) experimental data obtained by means of an optical probe (b) computational result from DAWN. Overall hold-up amounts to some 3.1% in the simulation and 3.7% in the experiment. Reproduced with permission from Venneker...

Figure la. The optical arrangements of an FT-IR Spectrophotometer with reflectance attachments in the sample chamber for electrochemical experiments. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 9. Copyright 1984 Elsevier.)... 

Fig. 8. Pulse schemes for 2H 2D NMR spectroscopy of weakly ordered, deuterated solutes (a) 2H Q-COSY, (b) 2H-13C HETCOR experiment with 13C decoupling, (c) 2H-2H COSY 2D experiment. (Reproduced by permission of American Chemical Society.)...

FIGURE 25. A partial structure of lagunamycin (76) as revealed by H- H COSY, NOESY and H- C long-range COSY experiments. Reproduced by permission of Japan Antibiotics Research Association from Reference 46... 

Figure 6.11 Difference spectrum of the in situ IR experiment. Reproduced from Ref [28] with permission.

Fig. 12.5. STM with spring motion demagnifler. The design, due to Smith and Binnig, is used for low-temperature STM experiments. (Reproduced from Smith and Binnig, 1986, with permission.)...

Both the LSD experiences reproduced here are examples of experiences produced under controlled conditions during the time when LSD was legal and obtainable. Should the hysteria over LSD ever abate, experiences like these, under professional supervision, might be available to individuals... 

Figure 1. Early proposal of a unified model for SIMS and other desorption ionization experiments. Reproduced with permission from Ref. 3. Copyright 1983, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (First presented at a conference on ion formation from organic solids, Munster, West Germany, 1981.)...

Figure 13.1 Oxygen"-oxygen radial distribution function, gooM, in liquid water determined by various X-ray scattering experiments (reproduced with permission from [1] copyright American Institute of Physics).

It is of interest for variance methodology that complex values such as non dimensional Reynold s numbers and simplex were used as factors in this example. Analysis of variance has shown that all factors and interactions are important, which verifies the assumed criterion equation. The low error value of the experiment characterizes good experiment reproducibility and simultaneously indicates the fact that all essential factors have been taken into consideration. 

Figure 10.7 (a) PhotoDSC trace obtained during polymerization ofVA at 3°C in the absence of a photoinitiator, (b) Calculated ratio of [VAJ/R vs. time, (c) Dependence of 2kt/kp vs. E, for the same experiment. Reproduced from reference [50], 2001 with permission from the American Chemical Society. 

Membranes were incubated as described in Figure 1 with [3H]spiroperidol ( 160 pM) and increasing concentrations of n-propylapomorphine in the presence and absence of 100 mM Gpp(NH)p. The lines are the best fit obtained with a model for two affinity forms of the receptor as described previously (14). The experiment shown is representative of 10-12 experiments. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 12. Copyright 1982t American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.)... 

Fig. 1.2 Effect of in vivo PT treatment on the levels of Gia-2 and Gioc.-3 proteins. Upper panels Heart membrane proteins (20 pg) from 6- and 8-week-old SHR and WKY with or without PT treatment (Li and Anand-Srivastava 2002) were resolved by SDS/PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose, which was then immunoblotted with antibody AS/7 for Gia-2 (A) or antibody EC/2 for Gia-3 (B). The blots are representative of three or four separate experiments. Lower panels Quantification of protein bands by densitometric scanning. The results are expressed as percent of WKY control at 6 weeks, which has been taken as 100%. Values are means S.E.M. of three or four separate experiments. Reproduced with permission from Li and Anand-Srivastava (2002).

Amino acids were the first prebiotic molecules to be identified more than 50 years ago in experiments reproducing hypothetic prebiotic environ-... 

Fig. 6. Adsorption enthalpies of chlorides and bromides of Zr, Hf, and Rf on quartz surfaces, deduced from OLGA and HEVI experiments. Reproduced from [19].

Figure 27 C—O bond dependences of (A) dlso and (B) <522 components for amino acids. The C—O bond lengths were derived from X-ray or neutron diffraction experiments. Reproduced from Ref. 105.

Figure 49. Temperature dependence of the dielectric strength As for sample C. Symbols represent experimental data corresponding to the relaxation times presented in Fig. 48 unfilled circles correspond to the data presented early in Fig. 46 filled circles represent the experiment with reduced water content [78]. The lines mark values of the averaged dielectric strength Asav for these experiments. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 78. Copyright 2004, The American Physical Society.)...

Figure 11-2. 1 + 1 REMPI, 1 + 1 REMPI and UV absorption spectra of 1,3-DMU [15]. The 1 + 1 REMPI spectrum was obtained by scanning the pump laser and setting the probe laser at 220 nm with a delay time of 10 ns. Neither REMPI spectrum was normalized by the laser power, and at the short wavelength side of the figure, the low output power of the OPO laser resulted in the missing S3 feature in the 1 + 1 spectrum. The absorption spectrum was taken at 140°C, the same temperature as that of the pulsed valve during the REMPI experiments. (Reproduced with permission from J. Phys. Chem. 2004, 108, 943-949. Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society.)...

In order to verify this simple model, interfaces between vapor-deposited copper films and PTFE with and without ion beam enhancement were prepared and analyzed. Also, the PTFE substrate was treated in an AC argon plasma for 1-5 minutes and analyzed. The Cu-PTFE interface was identical to that between Au and PTFE and the increase of the higher mass ions was observed here, too. In these series of experiments reproduc-... 

Fig. 11. Schematic FFF fractogram with the different phases of an FFF experiment. Reproduced from [157] with kind permission of Societa Chimica Italiana...

FIGURE 9 Effect of (a) concentrations, (b) osmolarity, and (c) medium of chitosan solution on mean serum glucose concentrations after nasal administration of lOIU/kg insulin to rats. Bars represent the standard deviation (SD) of five experiment. (Reproduced from ref. 73 with permission of Elsevier.)... 

Fig. 9. TRIR spectra obtained 1 fis following 355-nm photolysis of W(CO)e in the gas phase. The solid line is the spectrum obtained with 10 mtorr of W(CO)6 and 80 torr of He. The dashed line is that obtained when the He was replaced by 80 torr of Xe. The negative bands are due to depletion of WlCOle and the positive bands represent the production of naked W(C0)5 (solid line) and W(CO)5Xe (dashed line). The apparent production of two positive hands for naked W(CO)g is a result of the low spectral resolution of the IR CO laser used in these experiments. Reproduced with permission from Fig. 1 in Ref. (52).

Fig. 7.16 Diagram of apparatus for metal-polymer contact charging experiment Reproduced from Davies (1969) with permission of the Institute of Physics.

Guerlac could not determine if Lavoisier read the Vegetable Staticks before 1772, but argued that Lavoisier should have been familiar with Hales s experiments reproduced in Rouelle s lectures Guerlac, Continental Reputation of Stephen Hales, 25-35. On Lavoisier s apparatus, see F. L. Holmes, Lavoisier the Experimentalist, Bulletin for the History of Chemistry 5, 1989, 24-31 idem, The Evolution of Lavoisier s Chemical Apparatus. ... 

Figure 5.1. Effect of particle size and the slurry standing time on the recover/ of /4s compared to the certified value, (a) 36 gm, ( ) 50 gm and (a) 77 gm. (A) Slurry of marine sediment, (B) aqueous phase of the sediment slurry, (C) slurry from a coal, (D) aqueous phase of the coal slurry. All data points are the averages of four independent experiments. (Reproduced with permission of Elsevier, Ref. [16].)...

A Mettler AE200 analytical balance was used to perform gravimetric analyses for the various experiments. Reproducibility for this balance is specified at 0.1 mg. 

FIGURE 1. Block diagram of a PEPICO experiments. Reproduced by permission of Academic Press... 

Figure 5-23 Intensities of the carbon resonances of an imaginary molecule containing one CH, one CH2, and one CH3 under varying values of A2 in (he refocused INEFT experiment. (Reproduced with permission from A. E. Derome, Modern NMR Techniques for Chemical Research, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 1987, p. 143.)...

Figure 5-24 Variation of signal intensities forCH, CHi> and CH3 as a function of 0 = ITJA2 in the refocused INEPT experiment. (Reproduced from T. D. W. Claridge. High-Resolution NMR Techniques in Organic Chemistry, Pergamon Press, Amsterdam, 1999, p. 138.)...

Fig. 5 Naj Li (left side) and Naj Li (right side) SEDOR results on the model compound LiNaS04. Solid curves show fits to the equation shown, where the inversion factor f takes into account the incomplete spin population inversion caused by strong quadrupolar splittings. The dotted curve shown on left is the theoretical prediction for f=1.00 in the Naj Li SEDOR experiment. Reproduced from [56]...

Fig. 2. pH-dependent leakage of calcein from DOPE CHEMs (3 2) noncoated (open squares) and stabilized liposomes with DDP(E0)52 (a), DDP(E0)g2 (b), (DDGG)2(E0) 5 (c), and (DDm)lE0) (d), at contents of 2.5 (circles), 5 (triangles), 7.5 (inverted triangles), and 10 (diamonds) molar %. Calcein containing liposomes are incubated for 10 min at 37°C in medium at different pH. Data points represent the mean values of four independent experiments. (Reproduced from ref. 38 with permission from Elsevier)... 

Figure 27. The effect of temperature, T, on slices at a DQ frequency of 7.6 ppm taken from H (700.1 MHz) DQ MAS NMR spectra of 4 5. At the bottom, the dynamic processes consistent with the observed NMR results are shown. The two processes, (A) and (B), cannot be distinguished by current NMR experiments. (Reproduced with permission from ref 29. Copyright 2001 Wiley.)...

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