Experimental vancomycin

In Vitro Properties. The antibacterial spectmm of most dalbaheptides is known (Table 1). Vancomycin (39) and/or teicoplanin (Table 3) are generally introduced as reference compounds. Direct comparative data for some dalbaheptides tested under the same experimental conditions are given in... 

In Vivo Properties. The efficacy of dalbaheptides has been assessed ia various models of experimental septicemia ia mice. In general there was good correlation between the ED qS (effective doses which prevent death ia 50% of test animals) and the MICs on test strains. Teicoplanin was very effective, ED q values ranged from 0.11 to 0.72 mg/kg sc administration for septicemias caused by S. pyogenes S. pneumoniae and S. aureu whereas for vancomycin ED qS were from 0.58 to 7.2 mg/kg (33). Eremomycin (52) had therapeutic activity 2—3 times greater than vancomycin. Therapeutic indices... 

For example, Williams (311-314) used a vancomycin-peptide complex (Fig. 3.23) as an experimental system in which to evaluate the various contributions to binding affinity. A similar analysis for antibody mutants was attempted by Novotny (262). 

Wood CA, Kohihepp SJ, Kohnen PW, Houghton DC, Gilbert DN, Vancomycin enhancement of experimental nephrotoxicity, Antimicrob Agent Chemother, 1986,30(1) 20-24. 

The glycopcptide antibiotic vancomycin has been efta -tive in the treatment of clindamycin-induced pseudoiiKm branous colitis and in the control of the experimentally in duced bacterial condition in animals. Clindamycin shotiU be reserved for staphylococcal tissue infections, such asetf lulitis and osteomyelitis, in penicillin-allergic patients aid for severe anaerobic infections ouLside the central nemw.. system. Ordinarily, it should not be used to treat upper ie p ratory tract infections caused by bacteria sen.sitivc to oiiia safer antibiotics or in prophylaxis. 

Figure 8 Stepwise elimination of noninteracting peptides from a mixture of 32 peptides and identification of one tight-binding ligand for vancomycin. Interpretation of each electropherogram is described in the text. Specific experimental conditions are described elsewhere (86a). (Reproduced with permission of the copyright holder, publisher and Journal of Organic Chemistry.)...

The clinician should have an understanding of in vivo antimicrobial agent disposition in order to select the most appropriate therapy for a given infection and to help monitor for clinical or bacteri-ologic efficacy. Serum concentration monitoring is the most common method used to attempt to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity of antimicrobials. Since most antimicrobials are well tolerated at their usual doses, only a select few agents (e.g., aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and vancomycin) are monitored routinely in the current clinical environment. There are a number of direct and indirect methods that are used to quantify the concentration of antimicrobial in an experimental sample. 

Voorn GP, Kuyvenhoven J, Goessens WHF, et al. Role of tolerance in treatment and prophylaxis of experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis with vancomycin, teicoplanin, and daptomycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994 38 487-493. 

Routine use of dexamethasone in meningitis is not without controversy. A potential concern is that adjunctive dexamethasone therapy might reduce the penetration of antibiotics into the CSF by inhibiting meningeal inflammation. In experimental models of meningitis, steroids decreased the CSF concentrations of ampiciUin, rifampin, vancomycin, and gentamicin. Ceftriaxone penetration into CSF was unaffected by concurrent dexamethasone administration in pediatric patients. ... 

Oum BS, D Amico DJ, Wong KW. Intravitreal antibiotic therapy with vancomycin and aminoglycoside. An experimental study of combination and repetitive injections. Arch Ophthalmol 1989 107 1055-1060. 

Smith MA, Sorenson JA, Lowy FD. Treatment of experimental methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis with intravitreal vancomycin. Ophthalmology 1986 93 1328-1335. 

Aguilar HE, Meredith TA, Drews CD, Sawant A, Gardner S, Wilson LA. Treatment of experimental S. aureus endophthalmitis with vancomycin, cefazolin and corticosteroids. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1990 31(suppl) 308. 

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