Relative binding strengths

The element carbon occurs in nature in two so-called allotropic forms, different crystal structures with the same chemical formula. In Fig. 3.13 the crystal structure of diamond and graphite have been represented. In diamond the C atoms are closely packed and each C atom is linked with four other C atoms. Thus a tight network of atoms is formed which, together with the binding strength, is responsible for the extreme hardness of diamond. Graphite has a layered structure and the space between the layers is relatively large. 

In other aromatic carbonyl compounds, the relative binding strength is based mainly on steric considerations. For benzaldehydes (Entries 7 and 8),127,130 equilibrium constants are on the order of 104 for adduct formation and the borane binds syn to the sterically insignificant aldehyde proton. In the acetophenone adduct, the borane binds syn to the methyl group, but the equilibrium constant is an order of magnitude lower due to... 

Determination of the affinity constants indicates that the number of IgG-binding domains greatly affects binding strength. The five-domain proteins SpA and Z-V have relatively high binding constants when compared to the shorter proteins. 

Table 8 Relative binding strength of metals on different sorbents (after Bunzl et al. 1976)...

The relative binding strength of the adducts follows the qualitative trend of the gas-phase basicities of the donor base, i.e. f-BuOH > i-PrOH > EtOH > MeOH > H2O. The binding to alcohols can be sufficiently selective to the point where 1,2-cyclopentanediols isomers have been distinguished by their reactivity towards Me3Ge+ in tandem mass spectrometry ". The actual binding energy has been measured for H2O (equation 22) ... 

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