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Expansion and Extension

The harmoniousness evaluation of water resources allocation is an expansion and extension of aftereffect evaluation of water resources allocation, which not only can be an important reference for the comparison and selection of water resources allocation program, but also a basis for aftereffect evaluation of rational water resources allocation. In this paper, the harmoniousness evaluation index system of water resources allocation is proposed initially, and the method for the harmoniousness evaluation is discussed. This initial architecture and index system and the method could be applied to the aftereffect evaluation of water resources allocation in practice. [Pg.117]

Molecular clusters are weakly bound aggregates of stable molecules. Such clusters can be produced easily using supersonic expansion, and have been extensively studied by both electronic and vibrational spectroscopy [146,... [Pg.2400]

In addition to the maintenance application described above, this coupling (also referred to as extension or spacer sleeve coupling) is commonly used where equipment is subject to thermal expansion and possible misalignment because of high process temperatures. The purpose of this... [Pg.994]

The phase transition of bilayer lipids is related to the highly ordered arrangement of the lipids inside the vesicle. In the ordered gel state below a characteristic temperature, the lipid hydrocarbon chains are in an all-trans configuration. When the temperature is increased, an endothermic phase transition occurs, during which there is a trans-gauche rotational isomerization along the chains which results in a lateral expansion and decrease in thickness of the bilayer. This so-called gel to liquid-crystalline transition has been demonstrated in many different lipid systems and the relationship of the transition to molecular structure and environmental conditions has been studied extensively. [Pg.294]

Nakatsuji H, Hirao K (1978) Cluster expansion of the wavefunction. symmetry-adapted-cluster expansion, its variational determination, and extension of open-shell orbital theory. J Chem Phys 68 2053... [Pg.330]

In general, percolation is one of the principal tools to analyze disordered media. It has been used extensively to study, for example, random electrical networks, diffusion in disordered media, or phase transitions. Percolation models usually require approximate solution methods such as Monte Carlo simulations, series expansions, and phenomenological renormalization [16]. While some exact results are known (for the Bethe lattice, for instance), they are very rare because of the complexity of the problem. Monte Carlo simulations are very versatile but lack the accuracy of the other methods. The above solution methods were employed in determining the critical exponents given in the following section. [Pg.182]

One of the more recently exploited forms of thermal analysis is the group of techniques known as thermomechanical analysis (TMA). These techniques are based on the measurement of mechanical properties such as expansion, contraction, extension or penetration of materials as a function of temperature. TMA curves obtained in this way are characteristic of the sample. The technique has obvious practical value in the study and assessment of the mechanical properties of materials. Measurements over the temperature range - 100°C to 1000°C may be made. Figure 11.19 shows a study of a polymeric material based upon linear expansion measurements. [Pg.494]

Secondly, we might mention that there are two possible attitudes to a theory of valence based on the AO expansion method. The chemist uses the electron-pair model essentially as one of his axioms or, at least, as a good working hypothesis. This model is extremely familiar and useful any theory of such a model of valence should be capable of providing at least some foundation for and extension of his qualitative concepts. To the physicist, however, the simplest molecules are quite complex many-particle systems and he would perhaps find it surprising if we are able to obtain any useful results from our coarse-grained minimal basis model in view of the complexity of the interactions involved. We must try to balance these views in any evalution we make. [Pg.83]

An analogy may be drawn between the phase behavior of weakly attractive monodisperse dispersions and that of conventional molecular systems provided coalescence and Ostwald ripening do not occur. The similarity arises from the common form of the pair potential, whose dominant feature in both cases is the presence of a shallow minimum. The equilibrium statistical mechanics of such systems have been extensively explored. As previously explained, the primary difficulty in predicting equilibrium phase behavior lies in the many-body interactions intrinsic to any condensed phase. Fortunately, the synthesis of several methods (integral equation approaches, perturbation theories, virial expansions, and computer simulations) now provides accurate predictions of thermodynamic properties and phase behavior of dense molecular fluids or colloidal fluids [1]. [Pg.118]

An extension of the procedure for calculating the deton velocities to include those expls which.yield solid carbon as a reaction product has been accomplished by the same investigators (See Ref 32) on the assumption that the volumes of solid and gas are additive, that the gas obeys eq 23 and that the solid has zero coefficients of thermal expansion and basic compression. The composition of the reaction products was assumed to be that of chemical equilibrium at the temp and pressure immediately behind the deton wave, and a numerical procedure, involving successive approximations, was developed for the determination of the composition from a consideration of the simultaneous equilibria involved. This method of calculation was briefly discussed in Ref 39, pp 86-7... [Pg.609]

We propose that the patterns of polyphenol production In leaves are related to the duration of new leaf production. Species which acconpllsh leaf expansion and shoot extension within a short time period, especially In cold climates, should generally have low polyphenol concentrations In young leaves compared to species with extended periods of active growth. [Pg.33]

A one-carbon homologation of carbonyl compounds is an important and extensively used method for the preparation of desired carbonyl compounds . One-carbon ring-expansion or one-carbon homologation of ketones or aldehydes via a S-oxido car-benoid is a representative example of the homologation, but few methods have been reported . [Pg.760]


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Expansion and Size-Extensivity

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