Exfoliation process

Technology for preparing nanocomposites directly via compounding has been investigated by Vaia, Ishii, and Giannelis. Industrial R D efforts have focused on process technology (e.g., melt or monomer exfoliation processes), as there are a number of polymers (e.g., polyolefins) that do not lend themselves to a monomer process. Nanocomposites with a variety of polymers, including polyacrylates or methacrylates, polystyrene, styrene-butadiene rubber, epoxy, polyester, and polyurethane, are amenable to the monomer process. The enhancement of mechanical properties, gas permeability resistance, and heat endurance are the primary objectives for the application of PCN, and their success will establish PCNs as a major commercial product. 

Despite the thickness of the stratum corneum of the psoriatic lesion, it functions poorly. It is rapidly made, inadequately packaged, and easily disrupted. Normal people lose approximately 0.5 g per day of cornified material from the surface of the body (G8) by an exfoliative process which is so finely tuned as to be unnoticeable. These thin dead cells of normal stratum corneum are remarkably efficient as a water barrier since they allow the exit of less than 0.5 mg/cm /hour, or a total body water loss of less than 240 ml per day (K5). 

Inagaki, M., Tashiro, R., Washino, Y., and Toyoda, M. (2004). Exfoliation process of graphite via intercalation compounds. J. Pbys. Chem. Solids, 65, 133-7. 

CHI 10 b] Chivrac F., Pollet E., Dole P., et al, Starch-based nano-biocomposites plasticizer impact on the montmorillonite exfoliation process , Carbofydrate Polymers, vol. 79, no. 4, pp. 941-947,2010. 

Bousmina, M., Study of intercalation and exfoliation processes in polymer nanocomposites. Macromolecules, 39, 4259-4263 (2006). 

Recent work by Kong and Park [64] likewise defined an exfoliation process which occurs in three distinct steps or stages (rather than a gradual process) for the isothermal cure of DGEBA with 4,4 -diaminodiphenyl sulphone (DDS) and an octadecylammonium-treated montmorillonite. Figmell... 

Schematic representation of the interca-lation/exfoliation processing via strong H-bonding and amidization/unidization in situ reactions in PP/oligo(PP-g-MA)/organo-MMT nanosystem. (Reproduced from Rzayev, Z.M.O. et al., Adv. Polym. Technol., 26, 41,2007.)...

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