Exclusion Crisis

Death of Thomas Hobbes. Fall of the first minister, Sir Thomas Osborne, Earl of Danby. Beginning of the Exclusion Crisis (to 1681). Lapse of the Licensing Act. A Treatise of the Pear of God. 

The most valuable attribute of the laboratories is the vast human and physical resources that can be called upon to solve national problems of great complexity and scope. However, without a national problem or crisis on the horizon, as was the case in the 1990s, the vast funding needed to tnaintain this national resource comes into question. And since the laboratories are all funded almost exclusively by federal dollars, the ultimate customer is the U.S. taxpayer, a taxpayer who asks What have I received for my investment Wliat can I hope for in the future ... 

However, during the clinical tests and commercialization of Taxol, a supply crisis developed because of its scarce origin—the bark of Pacific yew. To extract enough Taxol for one patient, stem bark from three 50 year old trees had to be stripped. Then BMS supported NCI financially for collaborative efforts to overcome the supply crisis. In return, BMS obtained exclusive rights to commercialize Taxol in the U.S. market for 10 years. 

In modem physics, there exist alternative theories for the equilibrium statistical mechanics [1, 2] based on the generalized statistical entropy [3-12]. They are compatible with the second part of the second law of thermodynamics, i.e., the maximum entropy principle [13-14], which leads to uncertainty in the definition of the statistical entropy and consequently the equilibrium probability density functions. This means that the equilibrium statistical mechanics is in a crisis. Thus, the requirements of the equilibrium thermodynamics shall have an exclusive role in selection of the right theory for the equilibrium statistical mechanics. The main difficulty in foundation of the statistical mechanics based on the generalized statistical entropy, i.e., the deformed Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy, is the problem of its connection with the equilibrium thermodynamics. The proof of the zero law of thermodynamics and the principle of additivity... 

Diazoxide, which is administered intravenonsly, is nsed exclusively in the management of malignant hypertension or a hypertensive crisis. It brings abont reflex cardiac acceleration and increased cardiac ontpnt. However, it can cause hyperglycemia due to its inhibition of insnUn release from the beta cells. Becanse diazoxide also prodnces sodinm and water retention, it shonld be given with a dinretic snch as furosemide or ethacrynic acid. 

Since the 1970s, public discussion of energy carriers has concentrated increasingly on a sustainable energy supply based on renewable energy sources as an alternative to the fossil energy sources, which were almost exclusively used till then. The reason for these considerations was the increasing awareness of the limited availability of fossil resources, created by the oil crisis at that time and problems with acquisition and transport ( Suez-Crisis ). 

Direct recall costs of a recall include costs for media announcements, transportation, warehousing costs, extra labour and destruction cost (Meuwissen et al, 2005). Indirect recall costs can include the losses due to lost market share, costs made for brand rehabilitation and crisis response expenses. Brand rehabilitation might be necessary to re-establish the reputation and market share of the affected product by investing in advertising campaigns, special promotions, and consiuner education. Crisis response expenses include fees and expenses of outside consultants retained exclusively for the function of responding to the product contamination and recall. In this paper only the direct recall costs are quantified. 

But with regard to the Foederal House of Representatives, there is intended to be a general election of members once in two years. If the State Legislatures were to be invested with an exclusive power of regulating these elections, every period of making them would be a delicate crisis in the national situation which might issue in a dissolution of the Union, if the leaders of a few of the most important States should have entered into a previous conspiracy to prevent an election. 

---