Hyperglycemia caused

For a comprehensive review of the four postulated molecular mechanisms by which chronic hyperglycemia causes these vascular derangements, the reader is referred to an excellent review by Sheetz and King (see suggested references). 

Fig. 18. Effect of GH-RIH on the secretion of insulin and ucagon after a standard meal and the hyperglycemia caused by feeding. 0> saline , GH-RIH, 13.3 /ig/min.

Diuretics can cause hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and hypemricemia. After long-term treatment they may increase semm triglyceride and cholesterol... 

In long-term treatment, the thia2ides may produce hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypemricemia, and a 5% increase in plasma cholesterol indapamide has been shown not to increase plasma cholesterol or Hpids at therapeutic doses (21—23). The decrease of plasma potassium, ie, hypokalemic effect, is dose-dependent, and can be avoided if high doses are avoided (24,25). Thia2ides can cause hyponatremia in patients with large water intake while on the dmg (26,27) hyponatremia may be associated with nausea, vomiting, and headaches. 

Obesity and hyperglycemia 2. 2-AG levels are elevated in mouse adipocytes and epididymal of mice with DIO. AEA and 2-AG levels are elevated in rat insulinoma p-cells, in pancreas of mice with DIO, and in obese women. Patients with obesity or hyperglycaemia caused by type 2 diabetes exhibit elevated levels of 2-AG or of both endocannabinoids in visceral fat or blood, respectively. AEA levels are elevated in the liver of DIO mice 2. CB1 antagonists... 

The hydantoins may affect the blood glucose levels. In some patients these drugs have an inhibitory effect on the release of insulin in the body, causing hyperglycemia The nurse closely monitors blood glucose levels, particularly in patients with diabetes. The nurse reports any abnormalities to the primary health care provider. 

Facilitates the breakdown of protein in the muscle, leading to increased plasma amino acid levels. Increases activity of enzymes necessary for glucogenesis producing hyperglycemia, which can aggravate diabetes, precipitate latent diabetes, and cause insulin resistance... 

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common cause of CKD.2 The risk of developing nephropathy associated with DM is closely linked to hyperglycemia and is similar for both type 1 and type 2, although it is slightly higher in patients with type 2 DM.5 An estimated 3% of patients with DM will develop ESRD, which is 12 times greater than those without DM.6... 

The reaction between glucose and protein in the blood produces advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs), which are metabolized in the proximal tubules. Hyperglycemia increases the synthesis of AGEs in patients with diabetes and the corresponding increase in metabolism is suspected to be a cause of nephropathy associated with diabetes.12... 

During phase I, each seizure causes a sharp increase in autonomic activity with increases in epinephrine, norepinephrine, and steroid plasma concentrations, resulting in hypertension, tachycardia, hyperglycemia, hyperthermia, sweating, and salivation. Cerebral blood flow is also increased to preserve the oxygen supply to the brain during this period of high metabolic demand. Increases in sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation with muscle hypoxia can lead to ventricular arrhythmias, severe acidosis, and rhabdomyolysis. These, in turn, could lead to hypotension, shock, hyperkalemia, and acute tubular necrosis. 

Enhanced binding of Candida to epithelial cells due to hyperglycemia asymptomatic colonization is more common in patients with diabetes elevated sugar levels may cause conversion to symptomatic infection... 

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