Phosphoinositide hydrolysis

Developmental exposure to Pb or Mm affect signal transduction process, possibly related to the modulation of nitric oxide as well as alterations in receptor-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis and protein kinase C (rats)... 

Wolf, W. A. Schutz, L. J. (1997). The serotonin 5-HT2c receptor is a prominent serotonin receptor in basal ganglia evidence from functional studies on serotonin-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis. J. Neurochem. 69, 1449-58. 

Fisher, S. K. Homologous and heterologous regulation of receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 288 231-250,1995. 

Expression of the cloned receptors in Chinese hamster ovary cells, other mammalian cells and Xenopus oocytes has demonstrated differential coupling of these receptors to cellular responses. In general the Mb M3 and M5 receptors regulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis by stimulating PLC. This occurs through selective coupling of the receptor to the pertussis-toxin-insensitive G protein Gq/11,... 

The selectivity in muscarinic receptor coupling is not, however, absolute. Overexpression of receptors or of particular G proteins supports interactions that may differ from those described above. For example, M2 receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells not only inhibit adenylyl cyclase but also can stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis through a pertussis-toxin-sensitive G protein [52] this is not seen, however, when M2 receptors are expressed in Y1 cells. These findings indicate that caution must be exercised in interpreting data obtained when receptors are expressed, often at high levels, in cells in which they normally do not function. 

TABLE 20-1 Examples of ligand-activated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in neural tissues... 

For the identities of the individual receptor subtypes that couple to phosphoinositide hydrolysis, the reader is referred to the individual chapters on neurotransmitters in this volume. 

The Group I mGluRs are coupled to Gaq proteins and stimulation of phospholipase C (PLC). Stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis increases the formation of the... 

Schoepp, D. D. and Johnson, B. G. (1988) Selective inhibition of excitatory amino acid-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in the rat hippocampus by activation of protein kinase C. Biochem. Pharmacol. 37,4299 1305. 

Whole-cell assays (allowing measurement of phosphoinositide hydrolysis, adenylate cyclase activity, etc.)... 

The excitatoiy amino acids (EAA), glutamate and aspartate, are the principal excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain. They are released by neurons in several distinct anatomical pathways, such as corticofugal projections, but their distribution is practically ubiquitous in the central nervous system. There are both metabotropic and ionotropic EAA receptors. The metabotropic receptors bind glutamate and are labeled mGluRl to mGluRB. They are coupled via G-proteins to phosphoinositide hydrolysis, phospholipase D, and cAMP production. Ionotropic EAA receptors have been divided into three subtypes /V-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-proprionic acid (AMPA), and kainate receptors (Nakanishi 1992). 

Intracellular messengers Noribogaine, but not ibogaine, stimulates phosphoinositide hydrolysis (Rabin and Winter 1996a). This effect was unaltered by tetrodotoxin or cu-conotoxin, indicating that it is not secondary to release of other neurotransmitters. 

Ibotenate creates neurotoxic and phosphoinositide effects through distinct receptors (Zinkand et al. 1992). The neurotoxic effects are prevented by MK-801 and enhanced by glycine, implying NMDA involvement. Phosphoinositide hydrolysis is mediated by metabotropic receptors, and is unaffected by NMDA agents. 

Rabin RA, Winter JC. (1996a). Effects of ibogaine and noribogaine on phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Brain Res. 731(1-2) 226-29. 

Sagales T, Erill S, Domino EF. (1975). Effects of repeated doses of scopolamine on the electroencephalographic stages of sleep in normal volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 18(06) ITJ-yi. Sanders-Bush E, Burris KD, Knoth K. (1988). Lysergic acid diethylamide and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine are partial agonists at serotonin receptors linked to phosphoinositide hydrolysis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 246(3) 924-28. 

Zinkand WC, Moore WC, Thompson C, Salama AI, Patel J. (1992). Ibotenic acid mediates neurotoxicity and phosphoinositide hydrolysis by independent receptor mechanisms. Mol Chem Neuropathol. 16(1-2) 1-10. 

Kozawa, O., Kawamura, H, and Uematsu, T., 2000a, Sphingosine 1-phosphate amplifies phosphoinositide hydrolysis stimulated by prostaglandin F2a in osteoblasts involvement ofp38 MAP kinase. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 62 355-359. 

Kozawa, O., Yamamoto, T., tanabe, K., Akamatsu, S., Dohi, S. and Uematsu, T., 2000, Enhancement by sphingosine 1 -phosphate in vasopressin-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis in aortic smooth muscle cell involvement ofp38 MAP kinase, J. Cell. Biochem. 18 46-52. 

Pontzer NJ, Crews FT Desensitization of muscarinic stimulated hippocampal cell firing is related to phosphoinositide hydrolysis and inhibited by lithium. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 253 921-929, 1990... 

Romero G, Toscano E, Del Rio J. Effect of prenatal exposure to antidepressants on 5-HT-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis and 5-HT2 receptors in rat brain. Gen Pharmacol 1994 25 851-856. 

Facchinetti F., HackN. J., and Balazs R. (1998). Calcium influx via ionotropic glutamate receptors causes long lasting inhibition of metabotropic glutamate receptor-coupled phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Neurochem. Int. 33 263-270. 

Ikeda M. (1993). Reduction of phosphoinositide hydrolysis by L-amino-3-phosphonopropionate may be caused by the inhibition of synthesis of phosphatidylinositols. Neurosci. Lett. 157 87-90. 

Shafer TJ, Mundy WR. 1995. Effects of aluminum on neuronal signal transduction Mechanisms underlying disruption of phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Gen Pharmacol 26 889-895. 

Bymaster FP, Carter PA, Yamada M, Gomeza J, Wess J, Hamilton SE, Nathanson NM, McKinzie DL, Felder CC (2003a) Role of specific muscarinic receptor subtypes in cholinergic parasympathomimetic responses, in vivo phosphoinositide hydrolysis, and pilocarpine-induced seizure activity. The Eur J Neurosci 17 1403-10... 

Not all 5-HT4 receptor effects are mediated by cAMP. 5-HT4 receptors inhibit the sodium-proton exchanger isoforms NHE-2 and NHE-3 in human intestinal epithelial cells and T-84 cells through Src-dependent phosphorylation of PLC-y, elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels, and subsequent activation of PKC-a (339). 5-HT4e receptors increase phosphoinositide hydrolysis in CHO cells (329). 5-HT4a receptors in neuroblastoma x glioma NIE-115 cells cause G13o, and RhoA-dependent neurite retraction and cell rounding. 

Raymond JR, Albers FJ, Middleton JP, et al. 5-HT1A and histamine H, receptors in HeLa cells stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis and phosphate uptake via distinct G protein pools. J Biol Chem 1991 266 372-379. 

Sanders-Bush E, Burris KD, Knoth K. Lysergic acid diethylamide and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine are partial agonists at serotonin receptors linked to phosphoinositide hydrolysis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1988 246 924-928. 

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