Evolutionary trends

Figure 9. Hypothetical illustration for evolutionary trend of putative cellulose synthesizing enzyme complexes from algae to higher plants. Both rosettes and linear TC s originate from their common subunit of 8 nm particle. Asterisk ( ) represents a rosette.

Nemeroff, Ch.B. Evolutionary trends in the pharmacotherapeutic management of depression. J. Clin. Psychiatry 55, 3—15, 1994. 

A. immobilis (0.76 1 Sato et al., 1993c). To rationalize this unusual distribution of what appear to be sex pheromones, we have postulated an evolutionary trend among four Caloglyphus spp., from the initial state in which the sex pheromone is distributed in all stages (e.g., in C. polyphyllae and unidentified Caloglyphus sp. MJ ) to the derived state in which distribution has become biased toward females (e.g., in C. rodriguezi and unidentified Caloglyphus sp. HP ) (Kuwahara et al., 1998 Mori and Kuwahara, 2000). 

Evolutionary trends in the male pheromone systems of arctiid moths evidence from studies of courtship in Phragmatobia fuliginosa and Pyrrharctia isabella (Lepidoptera Arctiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society 99 319-338. 

Figure 3 illustrates the combined effects of evolutionary trends and the so-called revolutionary events. (It is smoother than Figure 2 simply... 

As to the mechanism explaining the evolutionary trend toward struc-turalization and therefore increased free energy dissipation and energetic efficiency, it still remains to be shown how the dynamic spatial order, so well described by Prigogine and so far the only principle that explains the biological order, became frozen in permanent biological structures. 

Cimino, G. and Ghiselin, M. T., Chemical defense and evolutionary trends in biosynthetic capacity among dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca Gastropoda Opisthobranchia), Chemoecology, 9, 187, 1999. 

Nemeroff CB. Evolutionary trends in the pharmacothera-peutic management of depression. J Clin Psychiatry 1994 55(Suppl.) 3-15. 

It s possible to examine a product, service, or system (solution) within the context of the 35 universal, generic evolutionary trends—call them the chromosomes of innovation. Such an examination enables you to gauge your idea-generation efforts against established and undeniable historical patterns. It also enables you to ... 

For an in-depth description of each evolutionary trend with examples, read Hands-On Systematic Innovation, by D. Mann, Clevedon, United Kingdom IFR Press, 2007, www.systematic-innovation.com. 

Scenario An innovative pizza delivery chain has the job of keeping pizza hot during delivery. The task is to hnd the evolutionary trends that might apply to this challenge or problem. Then, ultimately, the pizza chain would want to design and implement a better solution, or better way of fulfilling this job and its related customer expectations. 

Using all pertinent evolutionary trends, the team prepares a radar chart to depict its planned innovation. In doing so, the team expects it can move up one notch on the evolutionary scale for each of the two identihed trends. In the case of surface segmentation, the new design will move from a line to a two-dimensional curve. As for the geometric evolution of linear constructions trend, the team calculates that it can move from a surface with two-dimensional protrusions to one that displays three-dimensional protrusions. 

Bade K. E. and Fahrig W. F. (1971) Chemical Evolutionary Trends of Continental Plates—preliminary Study of the Canadian Shield. Geol. Sur. Can. Bull. 179, 51pp. 

Janis N. and Damuth J. (1990) Mammals. In Evolutionary Trends (ed. K. McNammara). Belknap, London, pp. 301-345. 

There has been much controversy over the precise crystallochemical nature of inner-ear deposits. Otoliths appear to be polycrystalline deposits (53). Otoconia, in contrast, show an evolutionary trend toward small (10 jLtm), discrete, elongated structures with pseudo three-fold symmetry characteristic of single crystals of calcite extended along the crystallographic c axis (Fig. 11) (.54). 

---