Biological order

Other ant species also use formic acid as a weapon. In fact, this acid is fairly common in ants. It got its name from the Latin word formica, which means ant. Some ants, such as the red ant, inject formic acid into their victims just as bees do. Ants, bees, and wasps actually all belong to the same biological order, Hymenoptera. Animals in this order have an ovipositor (a special organ for depositing eggs in hard to reach places). In some ants, bees, and wasps, this ovipositor has evolved into a stinger that is used to inject venom instead of eggs. 

GEN.24. I. Prigogine et al., La thermodynamique peut-elle expliquer I ordre biologiquel, (Is thermodynamics able to explain biological order ), Impact Science et Societe 23, 175—195 (1973). 

Fried BIOLOGY ORDER CODE 022401-3/ 12.95 (including 888 solved problems)... 

Bernstein 3000 SOLVED PROBLEMS IN BIOLOGY order code 005022-8/S16.95 Meislich et al. 3000 SOLVED PROBLEMS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY order code 056424-8/ 22.95... 

As to the mechanism explaining the evolutionary trend toward struc-turalization and therefore increased free energy dissipation and energetic efficiency, it still remains to be shown how the dynamic spatial order, so well described by Prigogine and so far the only principle that explains the biological order, became frozen in permanent biological structures. 

This section is devoted to biological order, organization, and evolution. We have already seen in Appendix F that constructive integration of quantum and thermal correlations under appropriate conditions lead to a so-called CDS, i.e., an optimal spatiotemporal structure formed by the precise relations between time, size, and temperature scales. CDS suggests microscopic selforganization including Godel-like self-referential traits. 

Biochemical Reactions Energy Metabolism Biological Order... 

Lwoff, Andre (1962). Biological Order. Cambridge, MA MIT Press. 

Nicolis, G. J. Portnow. 1973. Chemical oscillations. Chem. Rev. 73 365-84. Nicolis, G. I. Prigogine. 1971. Biological order, structure and instabilities. Quart. Rev. Biophys. 4 107-48. 

BU are all far from equilibrium with their environments. This nonequilibrium condition requires the constant expenditure of energy to maintain biological order. If BU were in a state of equilibrium, they would be in chaotic disorder, and they would exist at the lowest possible energy state. Unfortunately, they would also have no characteristics of what we call life. 

Tbmer, J.S. Nonequilibrium thermodynamics, dissipative structures and biological order. In Schieve, W.C., Turner, J.S. (eds.) Lectures in Statistical Physics, Lecture Notes in Physics 28, Springer, Berlin (1974)... 

Therefore, this creation of structure did not require far-from-equilibrium conditions rather, it simply required an extravagant use of the energy coin of biology. Order Out of Chaos in terms of the production of the biological molecular machines occurs not under classic irreversible conditions but rather simply by the removal of a side product at the expense of an extraordinary amount of free energy. 

It is widely accepted that mechanisms responsible for patterns and order in a reaction-diffusion system may also play a fundamental role in understanding certain aspects of biological order and pattern formation. 

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