Evolution, adaptive radiation

Baldwin, B. G., Kyhos, D. W. and Dvolrak, J. 1990. Chloroplast DNA evolution and adaptive radiation in the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Asteraceae—Madiinae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77 96-109. 

Witter, M. S. and Carr, G. D. 1988. Adaptive radiation and genetic differentiahon in the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Compositae Madhnae). Evolution 42 1278-1287. 

Zietara, M.S. and Lumme, J. (2002) Speciation by host switch and adaptive radiation in a fish parasite genus Cyrodactylus (Monogenea, Cyrodactylidae). Evolution 56, 2445-2458. 

First omit the observed cosmic abundance of the biogenic elements that are favorable to life. Then omit the environments (earth-like planets or Europa-like satellites) that favor evolution and adaptive radiation. The consequence of omitting both factors is that life most likely would not arise. 

Early evolution produced organisms with generalized compounds and metabolic pathways that have had a profound effect on how the earth system operates. With the development of the an-giosperms and the coincident adaptive radiation of animals, novel and diverse chemical compounds have evolved. Many of these compounds have also had impacts on biogeochemistry, in some cases only locally, but in others more generally. 

When a group of organisms share a homologous structure, which is specialized, to perform a variety of functions in order to adapt to different environmental conditions are called adaptive radiation. The gradual spreading of organisms with adaptive radiation is known as divergent evolution. 

Eisenberg, J. F., 1981, "The Mammalian Radiations, An Analysis of Trends in Evolution, Adaptation, and Behavior," University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 

Givnish, T. J. (1997) Adaptive radiation and molecular systematics Issues and approaches. In Molecular Evolution and Adaptive Radiation (ed. T. J. Givnish and K. J. S)4sma). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1-54. 

Schluter, D., Price, T., Mooers, A. O. and Ludwig, D. (1997) Likelihood of ancestor states in adaptive radiation. Evolution, 51 1699-1711. 

Hulbert, R.C., Jr. (1993) Taxonomic evolution in North American Neogene horses (subfamily Equinae) The rise and fall of an adaptive radiation. Paleobiology, 19 216-234. 

Fig. 6.8. Evolution of the intensities for transitions from the ground state to two bound excited states coupled by a perturbation, in the vicinity of an avoided crossing. The inner side of the hashed area gives the energies of the perturbed eigenvalues, and the hashed area gives approximate intensities. Note the zero in one of the branches at the point marked X in the figure. It is detuned from the avoided crossing and reveals stabilisation against radiation by the perturbation (adapted from K. Dressier [298]).

Rea, G., Lambreva, M., Polticelli, F, Bertalan, I., Antonacci, A, Pastorelli, S, Damasso, M., Johanningmeier, U., and Giardi, M.T. (2011) Directed evolution and in silico analysis of reaction centre proteins reveal molecular signatures of photosynthesis adaptation to radiation pressure. PLoS One, 6 (1), el6216. 

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