Event Characteristics

With nanosecond time resolution, sensitive, accurate detectors, studies of these release waves have proven to be particularly revealing. First-order descriptions of release properties were obtained with rudimentary instrumentation from the earliest studies [65A01] it has required the most sophisticated modern instrumentation to provide the necessary detail to obtain a clear picture of the events. Characteristically different profiles are encountered in the strong-shock, elastic, and elastic-plastic regimes. 

Table 11.2 Selected genes whose rate of transcription is altered by binding of insulin to its receptor. In virtually all instances, the ultimate effect is to promote anabolic events characteristic of insulin action. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has also pinpointed dozens of proteins of unknown function whose cellular level is altered by insulin...

Intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathway of caspase activation is initiated by the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane by proapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, resulting in a release of cytochrome c and other proteins from the intermembrane space of mitochondria into the cytosol. Cytochrome c translocation to the cytosol may follow a number of possible mechanisms. However, once in the cytosol, cytochrome c binds to apoptosis protease activating factor (Apaf-1) and in the presence of dATP or ATP facilitates Apaf-1 oligomerization and the recruitment of procaspase-9. The formation of this caspase-activating complex, termed the apoptosome, results in the activation of procaspase-9, and this in turn cleaves and activates the effector caspase-3 and -7. Activated effector caspases cleave key substrates in the cell and produce the cellular and biochemical events characteristic for apoptosis [33-35]. 

Target cells for the action of insulin express on their cell surface insulin receptors. Like all receptors, this protein has two basic functions. These allow it to recognize the occurrence of insulin at the cell surface and also to generate a signal within the cell. The latter triggers all of the appropriate events characteristic of the action of this hormone. 

Model 1 includes baseline risk factor and demographic data model 2 incorporates event characteristics, and model 3 adds investigation results. Note that the simplest model has very similar discriminatory power, as measured by the AUC-ROC, as the more complex models. 

Terada, N., Lucas, J. J., Szepesi, A., Franklin, R. A., Domenico, J., and Gelfand, E. W. (1993). Rapamycin blocks cell cycle progression of activated T cells prior to events characteristic of the middle to late G] phase of the cycle. J. Cell Physiol. 154, 7-15. 

When these proteins are incorporated in lipid bilayers, they do not form distinct unitary conductance events characteristic of channel proteins (49, 71). Therefore, a requirement for sequence specificity in the design is apparent. 

During rain, soluble species that exist below clouds dissolve into falling raindrops and are removed from the atmosphere. We would like to estimate the rate of removal of these species based on rain event characteristics (rain intensity, raindrop size) and species physical and chemical properties. 

The content of free and ester IA A in maize seedling changes with time, and with the zone of tissue considered. We must therefore pay more attention to the metabolic turnover of lAA, and take into account all the aspects (transport, conjugates, other hormones,...) in determining both the auxin level in a specific tissue and its effect on observable physiological events characteristic of that tissue. 

By comparing quantal sizes from multiple cells, quinpirole has been found to reduce the average quantal size to about 51% of control values [56]. Quinpirole also decreases the maximum amperometric spike amplitude (i ), the spike width at half-height(tj/2) and the spike frequency. Each of these Dj-mediated effects on quantal size can be blocked by co-incubation in the D2 antagonist sulpiride however, exposure to sulpiride alone does not affect quantal size and the individual exocytotic event characteristics are very similar to those of controls. 

Another example is the osteoinductive proteins that, when administered in vivo, induce formation of new bone tissue at the site of administration as the result of differentiation of surrounding mesenchymal cells from the soft tissues into bone. Cell lines with the capability to differentiate into bone forming cells in vitro can serve as models for in vivo differentiation. A bone forming cell line when stimulated in vitro with osteoinductive protein demonstrate the sequence of events characteristic for osteoblast differentiation alkaline phosphatase (ALP) secretion, collagen and osteocalcin production. ALP can be detected by addition of ALP substrate and collagen and osteocalcin can be detected by standard ELISA assays (see Section V.C.2.). 

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