Eucalyptus aroma

The essential oil of Saro is a yellow and mobile liquid with a slight and characteristic fresh and eucalyptus aroma. The oil is less dense than water (0.9452), and the refractive index was 1.4636 (Table 1). The essential oil is characterized by high levels of 1,8-cineole (40-55%), with minor amounts of a-pinene (4-7%), p-pinene (5-8%) and linalool (4-9%). The Saro EO also contained at lower levels terpenyl acetate (1-4%), a-terpineol (2-5%) and terpinen-4-ol (2-6%) (Table 11). 

Rectified oils have been redistilled to improve a particular property or characteristic, such as flavor or aroma. Eor example, natural oil of peppermint is frequently rectified to remove dimethyl sulfide, which has a powerful and objectionable cooked vegetable note deleterious to the use of the oil in cmme de menthe Hqueurs. Distillation is also used to remove psoralens, which are harmful photosensitizing agents present in natural bergamot oil. Color may be removed, eg, from cassia oil, by vacuum steam distillation. A desirable component, such as 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) 85% in eucalyptus oil, may be... 

Limonene [138-86-3] - [ANALYTICALMETHODS - TRENDS] (Vol 2) -aroma chemical [PERFUMES] (Vol 18) -in Bergamot oil [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in caraway oil [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in asms oil [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in citronella oils [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in eucalyptus oil [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in expectorants [EXPECTORANTS, ANTITUSSIVES AND RELATED AGENTS] (Vol 9) -m jumperberry oil [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in lavender [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in lavender [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in lime oil [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in neroli oil [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -m oilbanum [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in orange oil [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in sweet basil oil [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17)... 

Previous work have reported the initial standards for these two oils and compared with commercial samples (S). The essential oil of ravintsara C. camphora) is dominated by high levels of 1,8-cineole, and is characterized by a fresh and eucalyptus-type aroma. The essential oil of raverrsara R. aromatica) is characterized by varying levels of limonene, methylchavicol and methyleugenol, with licorice and spicy notes. 

Madagascan Saro essential oil was found to have an attractive odor with a fresh eucalyptus type aroma, being the oil dominated by 1,8-cineole. The oil was found to be safe for human use, with low irritation levels, no mutagenicity and cytotoxicity. This EO also showed antimicrobial activity against several mold and bacteria. Due to its favorable organoleptic and chemical profiles, its safety and effective microbial activity, this oil may have application in the cosmetic, perfumeiy and pharmaceutical industries. The identification of new uses and application of essential oils, can ultimately assist rural communities in Madagascar by generating interest and market access to their products only if these new applications find a sustainable market. 

C,oH,gO, Mr 154.25, colorless oils with camphor-like odor, bicyclic monoterpene epoxides. 1,4-C., bp. 173-174 °C 1,8-C.,bp. 176-177 °C. 1,4-C. occurs in the essential oil of Fructus Cubebae [a drug obtained from fully grown but unripe fruits of the Indonesian endemic plant Piper cubeba (Piperaceae)] and 1,8-C. occurs to 40-60% in eucalyptus oils (Eucalyptus globulus, Myrtaceae). C. are used as expectorant for bronchial catarrh and as aroma substances in the perfume industry. 

Occurrence m-C. in the essential oils of leaves and fruits of the black currant(/(i7tes nigrum, Saxiftaga-ceae). p-C. is widely distributed in the plant kingdom and is isolated from, e.g., turpentine, cypress oil, cinnamon, eucalyptus, thyme oil and many others. C. is used as an aroma substance in cosmetics. 

Conifer wood, balm trees, citrus fruits, coriander, eucalyptus, lavender, lemon grass, lilies, carnation, caraway, peppermint species, roses, rosemary, sage, thyme, violet and many other plants or parts of those (roots, rhizomes, stems, leaves, blossoms, fruits, seed) are well known to smell pleasantly, to taste spicy, or to exhibit specific pharmacological activities. Terpenes predominantly shape these properties. In order to enrich terpenes, the plants are carved, e.g. for the production of incense or myrrh from balm trees usually, however, terpenes are extracted or steam distilled, e.g. for the recovery of the precious oil of the blossoms of specific fragrant roses. These extracts and steam distillates, known as ethereal or essential oils ("essence absolue") are used to create fine perfumes, to refine the flavor and the aroma of food and drinks and to produce medicines of plant origin (phytopharmaca). 

The production of new materials for the aroma and fragrance industry was the powerful driving force in the research on the hydroxylation of terpenes [924, 1105-1107]. For instance, 1,4-cineole, a major constituent of eucalyptus oil, was regioselectively hydroxylated by Streptomyces griseus to give 8-hydroxycineole as the major product along with minor amounts of exo- and cnJo-2-hydroxy derivatives, with low optical purity (Scheme 2.151) [1108]. On the other hand, when Bacillus cereus was used, (2R)-exo- and (2/ )-en o-hydroxycineoles were exclusively formed in a ratio of 7 1, both in excellent enantiomeric excess [1109]. 

Both natural and synthetic citral are composed of an isomeric mixture of geranial ( -3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal) and neral (Z-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal). In the isomeric mixtures, geranial is usually the predominant isomer. It occurs naturally in essential oils of citrus fruits (i.e., up to 5% in lemon oil) and in a variety of herbs and plants such as Melissa officinalis, lemongrass (70-80%), and eucalyptus (Wichtel, 2002). Because of its intense lemon aroma and flavor, citral has been used extensively in the food, cosmetic, and detergent industries since the early 1900s (Boyer and Petersen, 1991). Studies in rats have shown that citral is rapidly metabolized to several acids and a biliary glucuronide and excreted, with urine (48-63%) as the major route of elimination of citral, followed by expired air (8-17%), and feces (7-16%). As demonstrated in Figure 8.8, seven urinary metabolites were isolated and identified 3-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-6-octenedioic acid. 

Among the oxygenated sesquiterpenes (Fig. 96.12), the oxidation product from p-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, is widespread in plants. Also spathulenol is a widespread sesquiterpene alcohol. For example, it occurs in German chamomile and together with y-eudesmol as major oil component in Eucalyptus oleosa [36]. Daucol and carotol are aroma components found in the fruit oils from carrots (Daucus carotd) [27]. 

Among the tricyclic aromadendrols viridiflorol (202), which occurs, for instance, in peppermint oil from Piedmont Mentha piperita L. Italo-Mitcham), is supposed to confer to this essential oil its characteristic note. When added to normal peppermint oils, (202) enhances their sweetish scent without modifying their taste and aroma 415). A dia-stereoisomer of (202), globulol, is present in eucalyptus oil, and is described as odorless 204). Maaliol (203), an alcohol which was first isolated from maali resin 62), was found in fresh roots of Valeriana officinalis L. (595) and also in the Indian variety Valeriana Wallichii D.C. 416). Maaliol-containing oils from Valeriana Wallichii D.C. are said to have a finer odor 582). In addition, maalioxide (204) 62) was found in the same oil 416 presumably as an artifact of alcohol (203). The cyclic ether is characterized by its fine woody odor quality 443). 

Many essential oils, such as those of citrus fruits, contain terpene hydrocarbons which contribute little to aroma but are readily au-tooxidized and pol)merized ( resin formation ). These undesirable oil constituents (for instance, limonene from orange oil) can be removed by fractional distillation. Fractional distillation is also used to enrich or isolate a single aroma compound. Usually, this compound is the dominant constituent of the essential oU. Examples of single aroma confounds isolated as the main constituent of an essential oil are 1,8-cineole from eucalyptus, 1(—)-menthol from peppermint, anethole from anise seed, eugenol from clove, or citral (mixture of geranial and neral, the pleasant odorous... 

Despite their overall high abundance, the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons ( )-caryophyllene and )S-elemene were not detected by GCO and AEDA. This indicates that these compounds may play either no role or only a minor role in the overall aroma of O. sanctum. Results of AEDA (Table 1) indicate that eugenol cloves) is the predominant odorant in the essential oil, followed by jS-damascenone (floral, applesauce), 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyr-azine (earthy, potato), and 1,8-cineol (minty, eucalyptus). The fact that eugenol and 1,8-cineol are key aroma components is not surprising and is supported by previous studies [1-9]. However, jS-damascenone and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine had not been previously reported as components of O. sanctum. The AEDA procedure was conducted on the fresh herb to determine whether these latter components are indeed natural constituents of the herb or whether they are generated during the production of the... 

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