A-terpenyl-acetate

Quantitative chromatographic analysis of the composition of distilled essential oil was reported previously by Nigam and Purohit (1960) and by Lawrence (1970). The major constituent of large cardamom essential oil is 1,8-cineole (65-80%), while the content of a-terpenyl acetate is low (traces to 5%). The monoterpene hydrocarbon content is in the range of 5-7%, of which limonene, sabinene, terpinene and pinene are significant components. The terpinols comprise approximately 5-7% of the oil. The high cineole and low terpenyl acetate probably account for the very harsh aroma of this spice in comparison with that of true cardamom (Pruthi, 1993). 

The essential oil of Saro is a yellow and mobile liquid with a slight and characteristic fresh and eucalyptus aroma. The oil is less dense than water (0.9452), and the refractive index was 1.4636 (Table 1). The essential oil is characterized by high levels of 1,8-cineole (40-55%), with minor amounts of a-pinene (4-7%), p-pinene (5-8%) and linalool (4-9%). The Saro EO also contained at lower levels terpenyl acetate (1-4%), a-terpineol (2-5%) and terpinen-4-ol (2-6%) (Table 11). 

Access to 3-menthene-l,8-diol (670), one of the minor products isolated (as its 1-acetate) from incubation of 7-terpenyl acetate (671) with a suspension of cultured Nicotiana tabacum cells, was conveniently achieved by reduction of piperitenone epoxide (620) with lithium aluminum hydride. ... 

Yomogi alcohol, aitemlsia alcohol, davanone, lyratol + lyratyl acetate, chrysanthenol, carveol, carvone, dihydrocarvone, terpinene-4-ol, y-campholenol, myrtenol, p terpineol, 4-thujene-2-a-yl-acetate, carveyl acetate, fkcubebene, juniper camphor, thymol, P-terpenyl acetate, linalool Sabinene, germacrene D... 

Another potentially important fermentation is that producing butyric acid. The process is used industrially on only a small scale at present and details have not been disclosed. Many derivatives of butyric acid are used industrially the benzyl, methyl, octyl and terpenyl esters are used in the perfumery and essence trade and amyl butyrate, bornyl and isobornyl butyrates have been described as plasticizers for cellulose esters. Moreover vinyl butyrate is a possible ingredient of polymerizable materials. The mixed acetic and butyric acid esters of polysaccharides are also coming into favor. Cellulose acetate butyrate is marketed as an ingredient of lacquer and is less inflammable than the pure acetate. Dextran (see below) acetate butyrate may have similar uses. 

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