Ets transcription factors

Tomlins SA, Rhodes DR, Perner S et al (2005) Recurrent fiision of TMPRSS2 and ETS transcription factor genes in prostate cancer. Science 310 644-648... 

Wasylyk, B., Hagman, J. and Gutierrez-Hartmann, A. Ets transcription factors nuclear effectors of the Ras-MAP-kinase signaling pathway (1998) Trends Biochem Sd 23, 213-216... 

Maurer P, Rorive S, de Kerchove d Exaerde A, Schiffmann SN, Salmon I, de Launoit Y. The Ets transcription factor Fev is specifically expressed in the human central serotonergic neurons. Neurosci Lett 2004 357(3) 215-218. 

Dwivedi, P.P., J.L. Omdahl, 1. Kola, D.K. Hume, and B.K. May (2000). Regulation of rat cytochrome P450C24 (CYP24) gene expression. Evidence for functional cooperation of Ras-activated Ets transcription factors with the vitamin D receptor in 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin Dj-mediated induction. J. Biol. Chem. 215, 47-55. 

Tibshirani, R., Hastie, T., Eisen, M., Ross, D., Botstein, D., and Brown, P. (1999). Clustering methods for the analysis of DNA microanay data. Available http //www-stat.stanford.edu/ tibs/ftp/jcgs.ps. Tomlins, S. A., et al. (2005). Recurrent fusion of TMPRSS2 and ETS transcription factor genes in prostate cancer. Science, 28 310(5748) 644-648. 

Although human GnT II is a typical housekeeping gene, it may in some circumstances be under the control of Ets transcription factors [73]. The human GnT II promoter contains four putative Ets-binding sites [72]. Co-transfection into HepG2, HeLa or Cos-1 cells of either ets- or ets-2 expression plasmids together with chimeric GnT II promoter-CAT plasmids [73] results in a 2-3-fold stimulation of promoter activity. Gel mobility shift assays and South-Western blots localized the functional Ets-binding site to one of the four sites in the GnT II promoter. Unlike the GnT V promoter (see below), the GnT II promoter is not activated by src and there are no associated API sites. 

Aew-transformed NIH3T3 cells have a three-fold increase in GnT V enzyme activity [199]. Promoter/reporter experiments showed that her-ljneu stimulates transcription from the human GnT V promoter and that the her-ljneu response element includes three Ets transcription factor binding sequences. Co-transfections with dominant-negative Raf and Ets expression plasmids demonstrated that the transcriptional activation of the GnT V promoter by neu is mediated by the Ras-Raf-Ets signal transduction pathway. 

Liu, Y., Borchert, G.L., and Phang, J.M. (2004). Polyoma enhancer activator 3, an ets transcription factor, mediates the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by nitric oxide in colorectal cancer cells. J. Biol. Chem. 279 18694-18700. 

Figure 10.24 Structure of a monomer of the DNA-binding domain of the transcription factor MyoD. The domain, which belongs to the b/HLH family, comprises two a helices joined by a loop region. The basic region (blue) and the first helix HI (red) of the helix-loop-helLx region form one continous a helix. (Adapted from P.C.M. Ma et al.. Cell 77 451-459, 1994.)...

Figure 10.28 Schematic diagram of the binding of the transcription factor Max to DNA. The two monomers of Max (blue and green) form a dimer through both the helix-loop-helLx regions which form a four-helix bundle like MyoD, and the zipper regions, which are arranged in a coiled coil. The N-terminal basic regions bind to DNA in a way similar to GCN4 and MyoD. (Adapted from A.R. Ferre-D Amare et al., Nature 363 38-4S, 1993.)...

While activation of HSFl and HSF2 results in the increased expression of HS genes, recent studies indicate that there are distinct differences between these transcription factors. As noted previously, HSFl is the heat-inducible form of the HS factors, whereas HSF2 is activated by hemin (Sistonen et al., 1992). This observation has indicated a possible role of HSF2 in cellular differentiation. It also indicates that the activation domains of the two transcription factors are quite different. Presumably the DNA binding properties of the two transcription factors are similar, but recent experiments indicate otherwise (Kroger and Morimoto,... 

Since the endogenous levels of inducible transcription factors like NF-kB and NFAT (Duh et al. 1989 Kinoshita et al. 1997) in these cells have been reported to be very low, HIV-1 promoter activation is inefficient resulting in non-expression of viral gene products (Figs. 5.1 and 5.2). Therefore, these cells can escape immune surveillance and act as passive carriers of HIV-1 for their natural lifespan. 

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