Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Plasticizer

Fig. 11. Effect of polyolefin primers on bond strength of ethyl cyanoacrylate to plastics. All assemblies tested in accordance with ASTM D 4501 (block shear method). ETFE = ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer LDPE = low-density polyethylene PFA = polyper-fluoroalkoxycthylene PBT = polybutylene terephthalate, PMP = polymethylpentene PPS = polyphenylene sulfide PP = polypropylene PS = polystyrene PTFE = polytetrafluoroethylene PU = polyurethane. From ref. [73].

Ultrasonic relaxation loss, of vitreous silica, 22 429-430 Ultrasonics, for MOCVD, 22 155 Ultrasonic spectroscopy, in particle size measurement, 13 152-153 Ultrasonic techniques, in nondestructive evaluation, 17 421—425 Ultrasonic testing (UT) piping system, 19 486 of plastics, 19 588 Ultrasonic waves, 17 421 Ultrasonic welding, of ethylene— tetrafluoroethylene copolymers,... 

Tefzel ETFE (ethylenetetrafluoroethylene). This plastic is white, translucent, and slightly flexible. It is a close analog of the Teflon fluorocarbons, an ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. ETFE shares the remarkable chemical and temperature resistance of Teflon TFE and FEP and has even greater mechanical strength and impact resistance. 

The inability to process PTFE by conventional thermoplastics techniques has nevertheless led to an extensive search for a melt-processable polymer but with similar chemical, electrical, non-stick and low-friction properties. This has resulted in several useful materials being marketed, including tetrafluoro-ethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (Figure 13.1(d)), and, most promisingly, the copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoropropyl vinyl ether. Other fluorine-containing plastics include poly(vinyl fluoride) and polymers and copolymers based on CTFE. 

Abbreviations for plastics ABS, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene CPVC, chlorinated poly vinyl chloride ECTFE, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene ETFE, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene PB, polybutylene PE, polyethylene PEEK, poly ether ether ketone PFA, perfluoroalkoxy copolymer POP, poly phenylene oxide PP, polypropylene PVC, polyvinyl chloride PVDC, poly vinylidene chloride PVDF, poly vinylidene fluoride. 

Commonly accepted practice restricts the term to plastics that serve engineering purposes and can be processed and reprocessed by injection and extrusion methods. This excludes the so-called specialty plastics, eg, fluorocarbon polymers and infusible film products such as Kapton and Upilex polyimide film, and thermosets including phenolics, epoxies, urea—formaldehydes, and silicones, some of which have been termed engineering plastics by other authors (4) (see Elastomers, synthetic-fluorocarbon elastomers Fluorine compounds, organic-tetrafluoroethylene copolymers with ethylene Phenolic resins Epoxy resins Amino resins and plastics). 

N nylon, PO polyolefin, elastomer, TPU thermoplastic urethane, GF glass fiber, NBR nitrile rubber, MAH maleic anhydride, EPR ethylene-propylene copolymer, l ionomer, M- mineral, ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, PPE poly (phenylene ether), R reinforcement, PTFE poly(tetrafluoroethylene), CF° carbon fiber, PEBA poly(etherblockamide), S silicone, RIPP D reaction injection molding plastic, and ASA acrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer. 

The experimental protocol of our studies involved the exposure of fresh healthy platelet-rich plasma (PRP) of young males to 9 pure synthetic polymers, namely polyethylene, ethylene-butylene copolymer, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-ethylacrylate copolymer, ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer, ethylene-methylmethacrylate sodium ionomer, nylon 12, polyurethane, and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropro-pylene copolymer ( Figure-1). Polymer pellets tested have been especially synthesized under clean conditions and were substances of known composition, free of plasticizers and... 

Poly(Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene) n (PE-TFE) A crystalline resin in which the proportion of ethylene to tetrafluoroethylene (E/TFE) may range, for the best combination of properties, between 2 3 and 3 2, modified with a vinyl copolymer for better toughness. It is stronger than either low-density polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene, has good electrical properties, high Izod-impact strength, and plastic memory that makes it useful for heat-shrinkable packaging. 

The most chemical-resistant plastic commercially available today is tetrafluoroethylene or TFE (Teflon). This thermoplastic is practically unaffected by all alkahes and acids except fluorine and chlorine gas at elevated temperatures and molten metals. It retains its properties up to 260°C (500°F). Chlorotrifluoroethylene or CTFE (Kel-F, Plaskon) also possesses excellent corrosion resistance to almost all acids and alkalies up to 180°C (350°F). A Teflon derivative has been developed from the copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene. This resin, FEP, has similar properties to TFE except that it is not recommended for continuous exposures at temperatures above 200°C (400°F). Also, FEP can be extruded on conventional extrusion equipment, while TFE parts must be made by comphcated powder-metallurgy techniques. Another version is poly-vinylidene fluoride, or PVF2 (Kynar), which has excellent resistance to alkahes and acids to 150°C (300°F). It can be extruded. A more recent development is a copolymer of CTFE and ethylene (Halar). This material has excellent resistance to strong inorganic acids, bases, and salts up to 150°C. It also can be extruded. 

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