Ethylene structural formula

The simplest alkene is ethene, QH4 (common name, ethylene). Its structural formula is... 

Write the structural formulas of all the esters that can be formed by ethylene glycol with formic and acetic acids. (One or both of the —OH groups of ethylene glycol can react.)... 

Draw structural formulas for all the isomers of ethylene (QH ) in which two of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by deuterium atoms. Label the cis and the irons isomers. 

Ethylene glycol has empirical formula CH30 and molecular formula C2H602. Using the usual bonding rules (carbon is tetravalent oxygen is divalent hydrogen is monovalent), draw some of the structural formulas possible for this compound. 

The structural formulas of ethylene and propylene are shown in Figure 18-12. Cyclic hydrocarbons also can involve double bonds. The structural formula of a cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon is shown also in Figure 18-12. 

Write the condensed structural formulas of the principal products of the reaction that takes place when (a) ethylene glycol, 1,2-ethanediol, is heated with stearic acid, CH,(CH2)i6COOH (b) ethanol is heated with oxalic acid, HOOCCOOH (c) 1-butanol is heated with propanoic acid. 

Substituted ethylenes in which substituents occur on both carbon atoms (with the exception of the fluoroethylenes) usually are not prone to polymerize, although some of them, such as the maleates and fumar-ates, copolymerize readily with other monomers. The further fact that, with rare exceptions, the monomers unite through the addition of the substituted carbon atom of one unit to the unsubstituted carbon atom of the next permits representation of nearly all vinyl addition polymers by the general structural formula... 

Draw the structural formula for the polymer that you will prepare from phthalic anhydride and ethylene glycol. 

Problem 14.46 Give the structural formulas for (a) ethylene glycol, (b) propylene glycol, and (c) trimethylene glycol. <... 

Probiem 14.52 Outline the mechanism for acid- and base-catalyzed additions to ethylene oxide and give the structural formulas of the products of addition of the following (n) H O, (b) CH,OH, (c) CH,NHj,... 

As noted earlier, more than one compound may have the same molecular formula (isomers), but a structural formula is unique to one compound. In addition, there are many chemicals which possess more than one chemical name, for the same reason mentioned above. The most common organic chemicals are those that have the shortest carbon chains. This fact is also true of their derivatives. The inclusion of a double bond in the structural formula has a profound effect on the properties of a compound. Table 2 illustrates those differences through the properties of alkenes. The presence of a double bond (and, indeed, a triple bond) between two carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon increases the chemical activity of the compound tremendously over its corresponding saturated hydrocarbon. The smaller the molecule (that is, the shorter the chain), the more pronounced this activity is. A case in point is the unsaturated hydrocarbon ethylene. Disregarding... 

Polyethylene oxide) [25322-68-3] (PEO) is a water-soluble, thermoplastic polymer produced by the heterogeneous polymerization of ethylene oxide. The white, free-flowing resins are characterized by the following structural formula ... 

Synonyms trichloroethene, ethylene trichloride Formula C2HC13 Structure ... 

Figure 16.4 shows the structural formulas of some of the more common organohalide insecticides, now discontinued and of historical interest, and of concern in some old hazardous waste sites. Most of the insecticidal organohalide compounds contain chlorine as the only halogen. Ethylene dibromide and dichlorobromopropane are insecticidal, but are more properly classified as fumigants and nematocides. 

Antifreeze is primarily ethylene glycol. Although it is an automotive necessity year-round, its extreme toxicity makes it one of the most hazardous chemicals found in our homes and garages. The structural formula for ethylene glycol is... 

For convenience, structural formulae are sometimes written with lines instead of dots for bonds. One line represents a pair of electrons thus, both ethylene and hydrogen cyanide may be represented in two ways ... 

The formation of addition products with ethylene, indicating the unsaturated character of the molecule, would naturally lead to the idea that the structural formula of the compound, in accordance with its relation to ethane and in accordance with our assumption that carbon in organic compounds is tetravalent, should be that of ethane with one valence bond of each carbon atom free and unsatisfied, —CH2—CH2—. 

Therefore, in accordance with the facts, viz., (a) unsaturation and instability of ethylene, (b) The formation of ethylene from ethyl alcohol by loss of water, (c) The formation of ethylene from ethyl bromide, or iodide, by loss of hydrogen bromide, or iodide, (d) The identity of the di-brom addition product of ethylene ethylene bromide), with the symmetrical di-brom ethane and, (e) in accordance with our conceptions of carbon in its space relations and the geometric condition of such space arrangement, the structural formula for ethylene has been accepted as follows ... 

In structural formulas unsaturation may be represented by parallel lines joining the carbon atoms (ethylene, H2C=CH2 butadiene... 

The hydrocarbon ethylene, C2H4, is the simplest substance with a carbon-carbon double bond. It is a gas with the unusual property of causing fruit, such as bananas and oranges, to ripen. Its structural formula is... 

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