Ethylene oxide Polyethylene glycol

Ethylene oxide Polyethylene glycol 400 Potassium hydroxide... 

Synonyms Dimethoxy polyethylene glycol Glycols, polyethylene, dimethyl ether a,u)-Methoxypoly (ethylene oxide) Polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), o-methyl-u-methoxy-Formula (C2H40)2C2He0 Toxicology TDLo (oral, male rabbit, 1 day premating) 2500 mg/kg reproductive effector TSCA listed... 

W. Yave, A. Car, K.-V. Peinemann, M. Q. Shaikh, K. Ratzke, F. FaupeL Gas permeability and free volume in poly(amide-b-ethylene oxide)/polyethylene glycol blend membranes, J. Membr. ScL, 339, 177-183 (2009). 

Ethylene oxide Polyethylene glycol Sanyo Chemical Nippon Soda Yokkaichi Chem. Nippon Oil Fats Surfactants Cosmetics Drugs Lubricants Paints Adhesives... 

Yave, W., Car, A., Peinemann, KV., Shaikh, M.Q., Ratzke, K., and Faupel, F. (2009) Gas permeability and ee volume in poly(amide-b-ethylene oxide)/ polyethylene glycol blend membranes. 

MTX MCC mPEG MA NFX PEO PCS PECs PLA PBLA PLG PPO PEG PCL PBLG PBS PGA Methotrexate Crystalline cellulose Monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol) Maleic acid Norfloxacin Polyethylene oxide) Photon correlation spectroscopy Poly(electrolyte complexes) Poly(L-lactic acid) Poly( 3-benzyl-L-aspartate) Poly (lactide- co -glycolide) Polypropylene oxide) Polyethylene glycol) Poly(e-caprolactone) Poly(y-benzyl-L-glutamate) Phosphate buffered saline Poly(glycolic acid)... 

Poly(ethylene glycol) is used in a number of copolymers, such as poly(propylene oxide-co-ethylene oxide), polyethylene-ft/oc/c-poly(ethylene glycol), poly [2,2-propanebis(4-phenyl)carbonate-b/oc/c-poly(ethyIene oxide], as well as in various polymer blends. Several pyrolysis studies were done on these copolymers [9-11]. 

By heating ethylene oxide with glycol, Wurtz obtained the expected polyethylene alcohols previously prepared by Louren o from ethylene bromide and glycol diethylene alcohol (C2H4 OH)jO triethylene alcohol (C2H40H) 0 C H4 0-(CjjH40H) up to hexa-ethylene alcohol ... 

ETHYLENE We discussed ethylene production in an earlier boxed essay (Section 5 1) where it was pointed out that the output of the U S petrochemi cal industry exceeds 5 x 10 ° Ib/year Approximately 90% of this material is used for the preparation of four compounds (polyethylene ethylene oxide vinyl chloride and styrene) with polymerization to poly ethylene accounting for half the total Both vinyl chloride and styrene are polymerized to give poly(vinyl chloride) and polystyrene respectively (see Table 6 5) Ethylene oxide is a starting material for the preparation of ethylene glycol for use as an an tifreeze in automobile radiators and in the produc tion of polyester fibers (see the boxed essay Condensation Polymers Polyamides and Polyesters in Chapter 20)... 

An explosion and fire (March 13, 1991) occurred at an ethylene oxide unit at Union Carbide Chemicals Plastics Co. s Seadrift plant in Port Lavaca, TX, 125 miles southwest of Houston. The blast killed one, injured 19, and idled the facility, that also produces ethylene, ethylene glycol, glycol ether ethanolamines, and polyethylene. Twenty-five residents were evacuated for several hours as a safety precaution. The plant lost all electrical power, for a few days, because its cogeneration unit was damaged. The Seadrift plant, with 1,600 workers, is capable of making 820 million lb per year of ethylene oxide which is one-third of Carbide s worldwide production of antifreeze, polyester fibers, and surfactants Seadrift produces two thirds of Carbide s worldwide production of polyethylene. 

A number of polyethylene glycols are also available in molecular weight ranges from commercial suppliers. These are made by initiating the polymerization of ethylene oxide by hydroxide ion. The corresponding monomethyl (or monoalkyl ethers) can be made in a similar fashion by initiating the polymerization with an alcohol. The general reaction is shown below in Eq. (7.2). 

Similarly, esters of fatty acids and polyethylene glycols are produced by the reaction of long-chain fatty acids and ethylene oxide ... 

Polyethylene glycol), or Carbowax, is made by anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide using NaOH as catalyst. Propose a mechanism. 

II. B polyethylene glycol, ethylene oxide, polystyrene, diisocyanates (urethanes), polyvinylchloride, chloroprene, THF, diglycolide, dilac-tide, <5-valerolactone, substituted e-caprolactones, 4-vinyl anisole, styrene, methyl methacrylate, and vinyl acetate. In addition to these species, many copolymers have been prepared from oligomers of PCL. In particular, a variety of polyester-urethanes have been synthesized from hydroxy-terminated PCL, some of which have achieved commercial status (9). Graft copolymers with acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, and styrene have been prepared using PCL as the backbone polymer (60). 

The formation of peroxides and formaldehyde in the high-purity polyoxyethylene surfactants in toiletries has been shown to lead to contact dermatitis [31], Peroxides in hydrogenated castor oil can cause autoxidation of miconazole [32], Oxidative decomposition of the polyoxyethylene chains occurs at elevated temperature, leading to the formation of ethylene glycol, which may then be oxidized to formaldehyde. When polyethylene glycol and poloxamer were used to prepare solid dispersions of bendroflumethiazide, a potent, lipophilic diuretic drug, the drug reacted with the formaldehyde to produce hydroflumethiazide [33],... 

The production of light coloured products with a requirement for low build-up of static electricity requires the addition of an ingredient which is capable of providing the rubber with a low electrical resistance. Quartemary ammonium salts and ethylene oxide condensates provide one route. Of the common plasticisers, phosphate types have the lowest electrical resistance conferring properties in rubbers. Special antistatic plasticisers, such as polyethylene glycol fatty alcohol ethers, are designed to give rubbers with low surface resistivity. 

Poly(ethylene glycol) supported liquid-phase syntheses by both the reaction of (polyethylene glycol (PEG))-supported imines with nitrile oxides, generated in situ from aldoximes, (300) and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of nitrile oxide, generated in situ on soluble polymers with a variety of imines (301, 302) have been described. The solid-phase synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazolines via cycloaddition of nitrile oxide generated in situ on solid support with imines has also been elaborated (303). These syntheses of 1,2,4-oxadiazolines provide a library of 1,2,4-oxadiazolines in good yields and purity. 

---