Ethylene glycol mixtures with water

Some data concerning the activity of antifreeze chemicals are presented in Table 14-1. Inspection of Table 14-1 shows that there are two different types of antifreeze chemicals, that is, liquids that are miscible over the full range of concentration with water and salts, often salts which are soluble only to a certain amount. In the case of liquids, a mixture of 50% by weight with water is given. In the case of solids, the ethylene glycol forms with water an... 

Antifreeze. Any compound or mixture that lowers the freeing point of water can be referred to as antifreeze. The preponderant, commercial antifreeze is ethylene glycol diluted with water. Other organic compounds used occasionally are methanol, ethanol, and propylene glycol. The primary application is to protect automotive cooling systems from freezing. 

Fig. 23 a Image of a microfluidic chip used for IFT measurements filled with liquid dye to illuminate channels. To perform the measurement, drops are injected (fluid la and b) are injected into an immiscible stream (2). Additional immiscible matrix is added (3a and 3b) conveying the drops into channel 4 for analysis and measurement. Constrictions in channel 4 accelerate/stretch the drops. Multiple constrictions enable measurement at different interface age. The channel geometry is shown schematically in the inset (from [108]). b Interfacial tension (ct) of water/ethylene glycol mixtures (binary drops) in PDMS oil, as a function of composition ((j)). (Reproduced with permission from [109])... 

Liquids dissolved in liquids similarly may form homogeneous solutions. Some liquids have limited solubility in water. Diethyl ether, CH3CH2OCH2CH3 (an organic liquid), is soluble to the extent of 4 g per 100 g of water at 25°C an excess of the diethyl ether will result in a separation of phases with the less dense organic liquid floating on the water. Some liquids mix in all proportions these liquids are completely miscible. The mixture of commercial antifreeze, ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, and water, used as a coolant in automobile radiators, is such a solution. 

BERYLLIUM DIFLUORIDE or BERYLLIUM FLUORIDE (7787-49-7) BeFj Mixture with water form an acid solution. Incompatible with acids, caustics, chlorinated hydrocarbons, oxidizers, molten lithium, magnesium Aqueous solution is incompatible with organic anhydrides, acrylates, aleohols, aldehydes, alkylene oxides, substituted allyls, cresols, eaprolactam solution, epiehlorohydrin, ethylene dichloride, glycols, isocyanates, ketones, maleie anhydride, nitrates,... 

Proton abstraction is a common ion formation mechanism in the negative ion (NI) FD-MS mode. It is not often reported in the literature because little NI-FD-MS work is done. (Field electron emission has to be contended with in NI-FD-MS.) Polar organics in the NI mode will often show (M - H) ions, but polymers to date have only been analyzed in the positive ion mode. It is interesting to note tiiat mixtures of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and water are typically used as a viscous solvent in NI-FD-MS studies of organic molecules. In this case, however, no NI-FD signals are observed from the PEG. 

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