Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Methyl

Acryhc stmctural adhesives have been modified by elastomers in order to obtain a phase-separated, toughened system. A significant contribution in this technology has been made in which acryhc adhesives were modified by the addition of chlorosulfonated polyethylene to obtain a phase-separated stmctural adhesive (11). Such adhesives also contain methyl methacrylate, glacial methacrylic acid, and cross-linkers such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate [97-90-5]. The polymerization initiation system, which includes cumene hydroperoxide, N,1S7-dimethyl- -toluidine, and saccharin, can be apphed to the adherend surface as a primer, or it can be formulated as the second part of a two-part adhesive. Modification of cyanoacrylates using elastomers has also been attempted copolymers of acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene ethylene copolymers with methylacrylate or copolymers of methacrylates with butadiene and styrene have been used. However, because of the extreme reactivity of the monomer, modification of cyanoacrylate adhesives is very difficult and material purity is essential in order to be able to modify the cyanoacrylate without causing premature reaction. 

One of the calculation results for the bulk copolyroerization of methyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate at 70 C is shown in Figure 4. Parameters used for these calculations are shown in Table 1. An empirical correlation of kinetic parameters which accounts for diffusion controlled reactions was estimated from the time-conversion curve which is shown in Figure 5. This kind of correlation is necessary even when one uses statistical methods after Flory and others in order to evaluate the primary chain length drift. 

The first case is the copolymerization of monomer A with diene BB where all the double bonds (i.e., the A double bond and both B double bonds) have the same reactivity. Methyl methacrylate-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM), vinyl acetate-divinyl adipate (DVA), and styrene-p- or m-divinylbenzene (DVB) are examples of this type of copolymerization system [Landin and Macosko, 1988 Li et al., 1989 Storey, 1965 Ulbrich et al., 1977]. Since r = Yi, Fi = f and the extent of reaction p of A double bonds equals that of B double bonds. There are p[A] reacted A double bonds, p[B] reacted B double bonds, and p2[BB] reacted BB monomer units. [A] and [B] are the concentrations of A and B double bonds,... 

The previous concepts may be illustrated with the experimental determination of the evolution of reaction rate, measured by DSC at T = 60°C, for the copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with variable amounts of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), a vinyl-divinyl system (Sun et al., 1997). The reaction was initiated with 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexanoyl)peroxy hexane. 

Optically active phosphine monoester 69 was prepared as a stable transition state analogue of the hydrolysis of 70, and used as a template (Scheme 13.17) [52], When heated in the presence of amidine 72, methyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and AIBN, polymerization took place and offered the polymer 73, in which the template 69 is attached to the binding sites by a combination of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions. After washing in the presence of MeOH and aqueous NaOH, the template was removed from the cavity, thus leading to a catalytically active MIP. 

Abbreviations y x AFM AIBN BuMA Ca DCP DMA DMS DSC EGDMA EMA EPDM FT-IR HDPE HTV IPN LDPE LLDPE MA MAA MDI MMA PA PAC PB PBT PBuMA PDMS PDMS-NH2 interfacial tension viscosity ratio atomic force microscopy 2,2 -azobis(isobutyronitrile) butyl methacrylate capillary number dicumyl peroxide dynamic mechanical analysis dynamic mechanical spectroscopy differential scanning calorimetry ethylene glycol dimethacrylate ethyl methacrylate ethylene-propylene-diene rubber Fourier transform-infra-red high density polyethylene high temperature vulcanization interpenetrating polymer network low density polyethylene linear low density polyethylene maleic anhydride methacrylic acid 4,4 -diphenylmethanediisocyanate methyl methacrylate poly( amide) poly( acrylate) poly(butadiene) poly(butylene terephtalate) poly(butyl methacrylate) poly(dimethylsiloxane) amino-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane)... 

II (Lower-index inert component) Cyclohexyl methacrylate Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Dimethyl suberate Benzoin methyl ether 1.0 ml 0.12 ml 0.25 ml 0.06 g Monomer Crosslinking monomer Inert Initiator 1.505 -1.5 1.4326... 

III (Higher-index inert component) Butyl methacrylate Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate 1-Phenylnaphtha1ene Benzoin methyl ether 0.5 ml 0.5 ml 0.5 ml 0.07 g Monomer Crosslinking monomer Inert Initiator 1.47 1.5 1.666... 

Fig. 24 Experimental results for the weight-average molecular weight development during the emulsion crosslinking copolymerization of styrene (St)/divinylbenzene (DVB) and methyl methacrylate (MMA)/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Data from [323]...

The move towards catalytic reactions was initiated in 1983 by Hopkins and William. Phthalimide attached to a methacrylate residue acted as template. Hydrolysis after microgel formation with methyl methacrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl-methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate left behind cavities possessing primary amine groups. Sha selectivity was confirmed by determination of hydrolysis rates between different 4-nitrophenyl esters. An acetate was hydrolysed considerably faster than a caproate [147]. Four years later Leonhardt and... 

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) cross-linked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM)... 

The structures of some of the molecules generated by pyrolysis of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate that retain the methacrylic acid (2-methyl-2-propenoic acid) moiety are shown below ... 

Addition of typical crosslinking agents,such as 20% diallyl phthalate, 10% ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1% maleic anhydride or 1% itaconic anhydride, to the isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate so that after curing a more rigid,insoluble, hydrolytically stable polymeric adhesive might be formed,does not increase the strength of the dentin-poly(methyl methacrylate) joint. Perhaps the cross-linked adhesive possesses decreased resistance to the thermal shock encountered by the test specimens. 

The system may be modelled initially by considering a system in which all the fimctional groups are the same type chemically and so have the same reactivity. Some typical systems would be monomer styrene (PhCH=CH2) and crosslinker divinyl benzene (CH2=CH Ph CH=CH2), and monomer methyl methacrylate (CH2=CMeCOOMe) and crosslinker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (CH2=CMeC00CH2CH200CMeC=CH2). 

Figure 1.26. A schematic diagram for the formation of a crosslinked network by the polymerization of a monofunctional monomer, e.g. methyl methacrylate (MMA), in the presence of a difimctional crosslinker, such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Gelation occurs at low conversion (pc 12%-20%). Adapted from Pascualt et al. (2002).

Problem 7.23 Predict the extent of reaction at which gelation would occur in (a) vinyl acetate-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and (b) methyl methaciylate-divinyl adipate systems, both containing 15 mol% of the divinyl compound. Assume that the reaction conditions for the two systems are such as to yield the same DP. of 1000 for the uncrosslinked polymer. Take rj and values from Table 7.1 for the respective analogous vinyl-vinyl copolymerizations. 

Abbreviations AA acrylamide MAA methacrylic acid TFMAA 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylic acid HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate MMA methyl methacrylate EDMA ethylene glycol dimethacrylate DVB divinylbenzene TRIM trimethylolpropane... 

Problem 7.17 Bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) at 60°C with 0.9 g/L of benzoyl peroxide yielded a polymer with a weight average degree of polymerization of 8600 at low conversions. Predict the conversions of MMA at which gelation would be observed if it is copolymerized with 0.05 mol% of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) at the same temperature and initiator concentration as in the homopolymerization case. 

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