Ethyl chloride, refrigeration

Between 4 and 5 Appear to classify as somewhat less toxic than Group 4. Much less toxic than Group 4 but somewhat more toxic than Group 5. Methylene chloride Ethyl chloride Refrigerant 113... 

Other minor uses of ethyl chloride iaclude blowiag agents for thermoplastic foam (51) and styrene polymer foam (52), the manufacture of polymeric ketones used as lube oil detergents (53), the manufacture of acetaldehyde (qv) (54), as an aerosol propellent (55), as a refrigerant (R-160), ia the preparation of acid dyes (56), and as a local or general anesthetic (57,58). 

The reaction of ethylene with hydrogen chloride, on the other hand, produces ethyl chloride. This compound is a small-volume chemical with diversified uses (alkylating agent, refrigerant, solvent). 

The best-known gas hydrates are those of ethane, ethylene, propane, and isobulaue. Others include methane and I butene, most of the fluorocarbon refrigerant gases, nitrous oxide, acetylene, vinyl chloride, carbon dioxide, methyl and ethyl chloride, methyl and ethyl bromide, cyclopropane, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and sulfur dioxide. 

Trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane are used in correction fluids, dry-cleaning products, degreasing sprays, and solvents and spot removers. Bromochlorodifluoro-methane is a compound found in halon fire extinguishers that is abused. Freon is used for refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Anesthetics include halothane, chloroform, and the local anesthetic ethyl chloride. Methylene chloride is a component of rubber cement, paint strippers, and degreasing agents, and fluorocarbons are present in many types of aerosol sprays. 

Use Manufacture of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene oxide, ethylene dichloride, ethylene glycols, aluminum alkyls, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, ethyl chloride, ethylene chlorohydrin, acetaldehyde, ethyl alcohol, polystyrene, styrene, polyvinyl chloride, SBR, polyester resins, trichloroethylene, etc. as a refrigerant, in welding and cutting of metals, an anesthetic, and in orchard sprays to accelerate fruit ripening. 

Table 13-4 lists important commercial solvents of abuse. Meth-ylchloroform, the solvent in typewriter correction fluid, caused 30 deaths by 1988 (Lilis 1992). Ethyl chloride more recently became an inhalant of abuse (Hersh 1991). Chlorofluorocarbons, used as refrigerants and in the past as insecticide propellants and in deodorants, breath fresheners, hair spray, and other personal care products, caused hundreds of deaths after intentional inhalation (Maximilian et al. 1982). 

Ethyl chloride is used as a refrigerant, as a solvent, in the manufacture of tetraethyl lead, and as an alkylating agent. It is also used as a topical anesthetic. 

NFPA Health 1, Flammability 4, Reactivity 0 Uses Component of natural gas propellant in cosmetics petrochemicals (source of ethylene, halogenated ethanes) fuel refrigerant prod, of carbon tetrachloride, ethyl chloride, ethylene, perchloroethylene in food-contact textiles... 

Major uses of ethane include its application as a fuel and in organic synthesis. For example, it can be chlorinated to produce ethyl chloride, and can yield ethylene with a greater heat input than is required for obtaining ethylene by propane cracking. Ethane is also used as a refrigerant. 

The amino acid contains a small amount of ammonium chloride, which can be removed by dissolving the product in 21 times its weight of water and precipitating it by the addition of 42 times its weight of absolute ethyl alcohol (Note 5). The mixture is allowed to stand overnight in a refrigerator. The amino acid... 

In an apparatus suitably protected against atmospheric moisture and fitted with a gas-inlet tube, mechanical stirrer, and an efficient reflux condenser, to a solution of 45 gm (0.45 mole) of ethyl isopropyl ketone and 5 gm of freshly distilled acetyl chloride is added, through the gas-inlet tube, 18 gm (0.24 mole) of ethyl nitrite at 45°-55°C over a 2 hr period. The reaction mixture is stored overnight in a refrigerator, whereupon 15.2 gm (48.7% based on ethyl nitrite used) of 2-methyl-2-nitroso-3-pentanone dimer (bimolecular ethyl a-nitroso-isopropyl ketone) deposits. The product is isolated by filtration, m.p. 122°-123°C. 

To a suspension of 39 g (0.163 mol) of l-(2-chloro-2-phenyl-acetyl)-3-ethyl-urea in 250 ml of anhydrous ethyl alcohol is added a sodium ethoxide solution containing 3.75 g (0.163 mol) of sodium dissolved in 250 ml of ethyl alcohol. The mixture is heated under reflux for 2 hours and left overnight at ambient temperature. The precipitated sodium chloride is separated off and copiously washed with alcohol. The alcohol is driven off from the filtrate on the water bath, the oily residue is triturated in 20 ml of iced water, and the solid formed is refrigerated for several hours, separated, washed with water and dried in vacuum over phosphorus pentoxide. The 5-phenyl-2-ethylamino-4-oxazolinone (fenozolone) obtained is recrystallized from anhydrous benzene. It then forms a white crystalline compound soluble in benzene and insoluble in water, MP 148°C. 

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