Ethnicity Chinese

Lee CG, Tang K, Cheung YB, et al. MDR1, the blood-brain barrier transporter, is associated with Parkinson s disease in ethnic Chinese. J Med Genet 2004 41(5) e60. 

In Cambodia graduates of Chinese-language high schools, who find jobs as clerks, accountants, or translators in the garment industry are dominated by ethnic Chinese owners tmd technicians and accountants from China (Mengin, 2(X)7). 

Eventually, Ford appointed an ethnic Chinese executive, Mei-Wei Cheng, to a senior position in Beijing and, in April 2001, completed a 50-50 joint venture agreement with Chongqing Chang an, China s third largest automaker. 

The prevalence of PACG is lower than that of POAG and varies significantly by race and ethnicity. It is low in patients of European descent (0.09% to 0.16%) but higher in patients of Chinese (1.3%), Eskimo (2.9% to 5%), and Asian Indian (4.33%) descent. PACG is also more prevalent with increasing age and female gender.5,6... 

CYP2C19 is another example of the existence of both cross-ethnic and inter-individual variations in drug metabolism. This enzyme is involved in the metabolism of many psychotropics such as diazepam and tertiary tricyclic antidepressants, as well as one of the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), citalopram. Using S-mephenytoin as the probe, previous studies showed that up to 20% of East Asians (Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans) are PMs, when only 3-5%... 

Aripiprazole shares a similar metabolic profile to risperidone, being metabolized by CYP2D6 and 3A4 (Kubo etal, 2005). Few studies exist to compare and contrast aripiprazole effects in different ethnic groups. A recent study indicated that Chinese... 

Siffert, W., Forster, P., Jockel, K. H. etal. (1999). Worldwide ethnic distribution of the G protein beta3 subunit 825T allele and its association with obesity in Caucasian, Chinese, and Black African individuals. /. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 10, 1921-30. 

The TPMT 2 allele (G238C) accounted for 9.4, 7.1 and 5.5% of the mutant alleles in the British, French and American populations, respectively. However, this allele was not found in any of the Ghanaian subjects and was not detected in the other African or Asian subjects. These findings are consistent with those of a recent study, which found that the TPMT 2 allele was present in British Caucasians and not in Chinese or Southwest Asian subjects [52]. In addition, the TPMTk2 allele was not detected in Kenyan subjects [54]. This suggests that TPMTk2 is either very rare in non-Caucasian populations or specific to Caucasians, or both. The recently identified TPMT mutant alleles TPMT 4- 8 appear to be relatively rare in Caucasian subjects. Their contribution to variant alleles in other ethnic groups has yet to be defined. 

Deficiency of thiopurine S-methyl transferase (TPMT) is another phenotype that exhibits inter-ethnic differences in frequency. TPMT is an enzyme that catalyzes methylation of therapeutic agents used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, as well as in organ transplantation. Patients who have TPMT deficiency experience less efficient methylation and are at greater risk of fatal toxicity when treated with standard doses of fhiopurines. TPMT phenotype is defined by erythrocyte 6-mercapto-purine methylation. African American populations exhibit a 20% lower erythrocyte TPMT than Caucasian Americans, and persons of Chinese descent tend to exhibit greater activity than either of these other American subpopulations. 

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