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Ethical issues human studies

Practical and ethical issues have impeded the analysis of biochemical influences on human behavior, and at present questions are more common than answers. However, in conjunction with more readily controlled animal studies, patterns of relationships between hormones and behavior have begun to emerge. [Pg.143]

Ethical issues as well as difficulty in obtaining enough human nasal tissue specimens have called for the need to use alternative in vitro and in vivo methods. Various in vivo animal models and in vitro excised tissue models have been described in the literature for nasal drug transport studies. However, due to the difficulty in both controlling the experimental conditions in in vivo animal models and obtaining intact excised tissue samples, in vitro cell culture models are also being actively developed. [Pg.223]

Attkisson, C.C., Rosenblatt, A., and Hoagwood, K. (1996) Research ethics and human subjects protection in child mental health services research and community studies. In Hoagyvood, K., Jensen, P.S., and Fisher, C.B., eds. Ethical Issues in Mental Health Research with Children and Adolescents. Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 43-58. [Pg.744]

Despite the extensive experience with biomedical ethics, the infrastructure of institutional review boards (IRBs), and the equivalent for protection of human subjects (Schulte et al. 1997 but see Soskolne 1997), it is essential to address questions of ethics that may be particular to the design of biomonitoring studies. In this section, the committee considers some practical and research issues in biomonitoring ethics but makes no pretense that the list is exhaustive. Ethical issues can stop specific studies, and the field in general, dead in their tracks. Therefore, it is incumbent on investigators, policy-makers, and others to consider these issues carefully. [Pg.124]

Each study component has an ethical aspect. The ethical aspects of a clinical trial cannot be separated from the scientific objectives. Segregation of ethical issues from the full range of study design components demonstrates a flaw in understanding the fundamental nature of research involving human subjects. Compartmentalization of ethical issues is inconsistent with a well-run trial. Ethical and scientific considerations are intertwined (p. 4). [Pg.10]

Human data are preferred for determining the potential health effects of exposure. However, human studies are often limited by ethical issues in collecting data and by their complexity in establishing exposure conditions and associated effects. Consequently, it is important to understand the various human study designs and their strengths and limitations (see chapter 6). [Pg.224]

Over the years, scientific research with human subjects has provided valuable information to help characterize and control risks to public health, but its use has also raised particular ethical concerns for the welfare of the human participants in such research as well as scientific issues related to the role of such research in assessing risks. Society has responded to these concerns by defining general standards for conducting human research. As an example, studies carried out for the authorization of a medical product, have to be conducted in line with the World Medical Association s Declaration of Helsinki, which describes the general ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects (World Medical Association 2004). The Helsinki Declaration was first issued by the World Medical Association in 1964 and has been revised several times since then. [Pg.51]


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Ethical issues

Human studies

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