Ethers tetrahydropyranyl, alcohol

Cleavage of tetrahydropyranyl ethers. Tetrahydropyranyl ethers are cleaved to the alcohol by dimethylaluminum chloride or methylaluminum dichloride in high yield at temperatures of -25 to 25°, conditions that do not affect t-butyldimethylsilyl ethers. MOM and MEM ethers are converted into ethyl ethers by a methyl transfer reaction. 

Problem 3.7. Dihydropyran (DHP) reacts with alcohols under acid catalysis to give tetrahydropyranyl (THP) ethers. The alcohols can be released again by treating the THP ether with MeOH and catalytic acid. Thus, the THP group acts as a protecting group for alcohols. Draw mechanisms for the formation and cleavage of the THP ether. 

The metal-catalyzed transvinylation of vinylacetates or vinyl ethers with alcohols is initiated by an oxy-metallation reaction. With PdCl2(PhCN)2 as the catalyst and at low temperature, transvinylation takes place exclusively (Scheme 5a). At higher temperatures, acetal formation is observed after an induction period, in addition to precipitation of palladium (Scheme 5b). It is probable that the acetaliza-tion step is catalyzed exclusively by traces of Brpnsted acid (HCl), rather than via proto-de-metallation of a Pd(II) alkyl species [21, 22]. Consequently, a recent report on the protection of primary alcohols as tetrahydropyranyl- (THP-)ethers by addition to 2,3-dihydropyrane in the presence of PdCl2(MeCN)2 as catalyst... 

In the presence of polymer-supported (PS) SO3H resins, Abulyl ethers and tetrahydropyranyl ethers of alcohols and phenols are formed. Elimination by-products that are formed during the protection of secondary and tertiary alcohols (eq 2) can be avoided using PS-SO3H. Additionally, selective tetrahydropyran protection of primary and secondary symmetrical diols can be undertaken to yield monoprotected products. In the presence of water, Dowex 50W and Amberlite IR-120 give higher yields of monoethers than Amberlyst 15. 

Alcohols and phenols were tetrahydropyrai rlated in the presence of H PMOgV O J in good to excellent yields in acetonitrile and under solvent-free reaction conations. A mild and convenient method for the formation and deprotection of ethers (tetrahydropyranyl (THP) ethers) is described. The formation of THP ethers from the corresponding alcohols was accomplished in the presence of acid-sensitive fimctional groups [106] (Scheme 3.47). 

Silyl ether protected alcohols (eq 5) have been converted directly into the corresponding bromides with PhaP and CBr4. The reaction works best if 1.5 equiv of acetone are added. Tetrahy-dropyranyl ether protected alcohols have also been directly transformed into the bromides using this reagent combination. The reaction has been reported to proceed with inversion of configuration (eq 6). If unsaturation is appropriately placed within a tetrahydropyranyl (eq 7) or a methoxymethyl (eq 8) protected alcohol, cyclization occurs to afford tetrahydropyrans. The conversion of an alcohol to the bromide without complications with a methoxymethyl protected alcohol in the molecule is possible (eq 9).i ... 

Six protective groups for alcohols, which may be removed successively and selectively, have been listed by E.J. Corey (1972B). A hypothetical hexahydroxy compound with hydroxy groups 1 to 6 protected as (1) acetate, (2) 2,2,2-trichloroethyl carbonate, (3) benzyl ether, (4) dimethyl-t-butylsilyl ether, (5) 2-tetrahydropyranyl ether, and (6) methyl ether may be unmasked in that order by the reagents (1) KjCO, or NH, in CHjOH, (2) Zn in CHjOH or AcOH, (3) over Pd, (4) F", (5) wet acetic acid, and (6) BBrj. The groups may also be exposed to the same reagents in the order A 5, 2, 1, 3, 6. The (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl group (=MPM = p-methoxybenzyl, PMB) can be oxidized to a benzaldehyde derivative and thereby be removed at room temperature under neutral conditions (Y- Oikawa, 1982 R. Johansson, 1984 T. Fukuyama, 1985). 

When 16-dehydropregnenolone itself is reduced, less than 3 % of the starting material remains unreduced and reduction of the tetrahydropyranyl ether of 16-dehydropregnenolone (70) in the presence of one mole of t-butyl alcohol is also virtually complete. In both cases, however, crystallization of the crude products gives only modest yields of pure products. 

Enol ethers (15) and mixed acetals (16) are readily obtained from secondary but not from tertiary alcohols, whereas tetrahydropyranyl ethers can be formed even from tertiary alcohols. This is a result of the greater steric requirements of the reagents (17) and (18) as compared to (19). 

Beta- and 3a-alcohols of the 5)5- and 5a-series respectively also form tetrahydropyranyl ethers, cycloalkenyl ethers and mixed acetals. ... 

The 21-hydroxyl group in the corticosteroid series can be protected as the base stable triphenylmethyl ether and tetrahydropyranyl ether. " " Mixed acetals from 21-alcohols are extremely acid sensitive compounds. ... 

In 1975, van der Baan and Bickelhaupt reported the synthesis of imide 37 from pyridone 34 as an approach to the hetisine alkaloids, using an intramolecular alkylation as the key step (Scheme 1.3) [23]. Beginning with pyridone 34, alkylation with sodium hydride/allyl bromide followed by a thermal [3,3] Claisen rearrangement gave alkene 35. Next, formation of the bromohydrin with A -bi omosuccinimide and subsequent protection of the resulting alcohol as the tetrahydropyranyl (THP) ether produced bromide 36, which was then cyclized in an intramolecular fashion to give tricylic 37. 

Silica gel successfully catalyzed the stereoselective synthesis of several glucoside terpenoids. Treatment of 49a with propan-2-ol, geraniol, the tetrahydropyranyl (THP) ether of coniferyl alcohol, and (—)-perillyl alcohol gave glucosides 52a-d in good yields (Scheme 12). The acid-labile THP group was retained under these reaction... 

Although alcohols are oxidized by tetra-n-butylammonium persulphate when the reaction is conducted in dichloromethane, tetrahydropyranyl ethers have been produced (>90%) when attempts to oxidize the alcohol are conducted in tetrahydro-pyran (see Chapter 10) [ 19], Tetrahydrofuranyl ethers have been prepared by an analogous method [20,21 ]. Base-mediated elimination of halo acids from P-halo alcohols under phase-transfer catalysed conditions produce oxiranes in high yield (70-85%). The reaction has particular use in the synthesis of epihalohydrins from p,y-dihalo alcohols [22],... 

The alcohol (l mmol) and (TBA)2-S20, (0.98 g, 1.4 mmol) in THF or THP (10 ml) are stirred under reflux for 3 h. The solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure and H20 (25 ml) is added to the residue, which is then extracted with Et20 (2 x 15 ml). The extracts are dried (MgS04) and evaporated to yield the tetrahydrofuranyl or tetrahydropyranyl ether. 

A number of efforts have been devoted to the simplified, acid catalyzed reaction between dihydropyran and alcohols to form THP-ethers. Thus, employing the hydrochloride salt of Reillex 425 (34) [a cross-linked macroreticular poly(4-vinylpyri-dine) resin] the tetrahydropyranylation even of hindered alcohols proceeds under mild conditions in high yields without side-reactions (Scheme 4.20) [107]. 

Carbohydrates have been included in the wide range of molecules used in the parameterization of MM2 and of MM3. Alcohol and ether parameters have usually been determined from simple alcohols and ethers themselves. However, carbohydrates contain some unusual features in the acetal linkages, and in the many vicinal hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups. The "anomeric effect", first discovered by Edward (15) and popularized by Lemieux (16.), is best known in carbohydrates, although, of course, it occurs in other classes of compounds as well. One apparent result of this effect is that an axial alkoxy substituent is often more stable than the corresponding equatorial substituent when attached at the Cl position of a tetrahydropyranyl ring. This effect can be... 

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