Ethereal sludge

Water, acetylation and extraction with petroleum ether sludge, acetylation and extraction with supercritical CO2 alt final column chromatography on silica (elution with 50 50 CH2Cl2/petroleum ether Study of supercritical fluid extraction... 

Feed rates for fuel oil emulsion breakers vary significantly, but a starting point is perhaps 3,000 ppm. Where used to treat oily sludges (by adding to an API separator), the POE-POP ether component in the formulation aids the rejection of greasy soils from the oil and enables the separated oil to be reused as a fuel. 

NP Sewage sludge and sediment Soxhlet methanol/diethyl ether 71 9 [23]... 

Isomerization processes produce sour water and caustic wastewater. The ether manufacturing process utilizes a water wash to extract methanol or ethanol from the reactor effluent stream. After the alcohol is separated, this water is recycled back to the system and is not released. In those cases where chloride catalyst activation agents are added, a caustic wash is used to neutralize any entrained hydrogen chloride. This process generates a caustic wash water that must be treated before being released. This process also produces a calcium chloride neutralization sludge that must be disposed of off-site. 

Biological. 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether (5 and 10 mg/L) did not significantly biodegrade following incubation in settled domestic wastewater inoculum at 25 °C. Percent losses reached a maximum after 2-3 wk but decreased thereafter suggesting a deadaptive process was occurring (Tabak et al, 1981). In activated sludge, a half-life of 4.0 h was measured (Branson, 1978). 

Hale R, La Guardia M, Harvey E, et al. 2001. Brominated diphenyl ethers in land-spoiled sewage sludges in the US. BFR 149-152. 

La Guardia MJ, Hale RC, Harvey E, et al. 2000. Endocrine disruptors (octylphenol, nonylphenol, nonyl phenol ethoxylates and polybrominated diphenyl ethers) in land applied sewage sludge biosolids. In Preprints of extended abstracts. American Chemical Society, Division of Envrionmental Chemistry. 

Allyl chloride is used to make intermediates for downstream derivatives such as resins and polymers. Approximately 90% of allyl chloride production is used to synthesize epichlorohydrin, which is used as a basic building block for epoxy resins and in glycerol synthesis. Allyl chloride is also a starting material for allyl ethers of phenols, bisphenol A and phenolic resins, and for some allyl esters. Other compounds made from allyl chloride are quaternary amines used in chelating agents and quaternary ammonium salts, which are used in water clarification and sewage sludge flocculation (Kneupper Saathoff, 1993). 

A satisfactory ether extraction can only be obtained by first removing the brown sludge produced by partial acidification. If all the acid is added at once, ether extraction of the entire precipitate is very tedious because of the slow separation of the aqueous and ether layers. 

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