Ether horses

The reinvestigation of von Euler (5) of urine of nonsmokers indicated up to about 10 mg. per liter of ether-soluble bases and a pressor activity corresponding to about 500 micrograms per liter. Piperidine was isolated and found to be the principal base present in the ether-soluble bases and comparison between the pressor assay and colorimetric piperidine determinations showed a close correspondence. It was further reported that piperidine was present in the urines of the horse, pig, cat, and rabbit as well as that of man. The meaning of its presence or its possible relation to the metabolism of other amines or the functioning of the sympathetic nervous system in normal or hypertensive man has not yet been developed. 

An ethereal solution of 1 kg of cholesterol is added to 100 kg of a 10% aqueous-alcoholic horse extract. The resulting emulsion is stirred at 90°C for 1 hour, while the ether is distilled off. The water insoluble saponin-cholesterol precipitate is centrifuged and washed with cold water until the wash water is colorless. The precipitate is air-dried at room temperature. The resulting dust-fine powder is extracted with ether in a Soxhlet apparatus for 10 days. The residue is treated with 20 kg of methanol and the undissolved material is filtered off. The yellowish methanol solution is treated with activated charcoal until it is colorless. The methanol is distilled off in a vacuum, and the residue is dried over phosphorus pentoxide in a vacuum not exceeding 1 mm Hg. The yield of pure sodium escinate obtained thereby is about 0.8 kg (8%). 

The determination of corticosteroid beclomethasone dipropionate, the prodrag of beclomethasone used in the treatment of respiratory disorders in horses, in equine plasma and mine was reported by Guan et al. [59]. The dosing is only 325 pg per horse, posing challenges to the detection of this drag with restricted use. After LLE with methyl i-butyl ether (MTBE), the analytes and its metabolites were analysed by positive-ion LC-ESl-MS. The LOQ was 13 pg/ml for the analyte and between 25 and 50 pg/ml for its three major metabolites, which allowed detection in equine plasma up to 4 h post administration. 

Methocarbamol is an aromatic glycerol ether that is a close chemical relative to mephenesin carbamate. Methocarbamol is approved in the USA for parenteral administration to horses as an adjunct to the treatment of acute inflammatory and traumatic conditions of the skeletal muscles and to reduce muscular spasm. Its mechanism of action has not been established, but it may act by central nervous system depression. It has no direct action on the contractile mechanism of striated muscle, the motor end plate or the nerve fiber (Plumb... 

Estrogenic activity in mammals is mediated by several estranes. A good number of these compounds are better known by their trivial as opposed to systematic names. The estrane nucleus is fairly similar to a gonane in that the double bonds in ring A are actually enumerated. Structure 4-1 (Scheme 4) thus becomes estra-l,3,5-trien-17-one. This steroid is far better known as estrone. Its reduced counterpart 4-2 is named estra-l,3,5-triene-3,17/3-diol. The more prevalent name for this compound is estradiol or, somewhat less commonly, /3-estradiol, The isomer with the hydroxyl group below the plane of the paper is named estra-l,3,5-trien-17a-ol or a-estradiol. The systematic name for the methyl ether of estradiol becomes 3-methoxyestra-l,3,5-trien-17/3-ol. The product 4-4 from alkylation at position 17 can be named 17)8-methylestra-l,3,5-trien-17a-ol. That compound is also known as equilin, a name derived from the fact that it was first isolated from horse urine. An additional double bond as in 4-5 is simply added to three already present, thus estra-... 

Anionics are the largest class of surfactants in terms of volume, and include the work-horse surfactants, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), alcohol sulfate (AS) and alcohol ether (or ethoxy) sulfate (AES). Cationic surfactants generally include various quaternary salts, used predominantly as fabric conditioners ( fabric softeners ), anti-static agents and anti-microbial agents. Amphoteric surfactants represent the smallest class of surfactants, and generally are used when solubility, mildness and compatibility issues are important. 

Yam AKA WA, T., and S. Suzuki The chemistry of the lipids of posthemolytic residue or stroma of erythrocytes. I. Concerning the ether-insoluble lipids of lyophilized horse blood stroma. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 38, 199 (1951). 

Well-washed blood from dogs or horses is added to 2 volumes of water and shaken with ether. The excess of ether is poured off and the amount dissolved allowed to evaporate in a shallow dish at 0 C. The liquid is allowed to stand for two to three days after about one-fourth volume of alcohol has been added. The product is purified by recrystallization from aqueous solution by the addition of alcohol. The crystals have about the following composition. 

Testosterone Horse urine and plasma SPE TMS enol-ether [113]... 

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