Ethanol fermentation from sugar

The ethanol fermentation from sugar is simplified based on the following reaction ... 

Due to the inability to reliably detect beet sugar additions, the site-specific natural isotope fractionation nuclear magnetic resonance (SNIF-NMR) method used widely in the wine industry was adapted for the maple industry (Martin et al., 1996). This method determines the site specific isotope concentrations of organic compounds by nuclear magnetic resonance of ethanol fermented from the suspect sample. 

The anaerobic fermentation of ethanol from sugar (Fig. 8.3) goes back to the Stone Age. In 1997, the fermentation of ethanol, mainly from sugar cane, molasses (Brazil) and corn (USA), amounted to 24 Mt worldwide, dwarfing the chemical production of 2.6 Mt a 1 [23]. Iogen (Canada) produces ethanol from... 

Biobased ethylene can be produced from biobased ethanol. The ethanol can be fermented from sugars found in organic sources like corn, sugarcane, potatoes, etc. The two common sources of bioethanol are from corn in the United States or sugarcane in Brazil. Bioethanol is converted to ethene with an aluminum oxide catalyst. The ethene is polymerized to polyethylene. Figure 5.1 lists the molecular formula of ethanol, ethane, and polyethylene. 

Lachke A (2002) Biofuel from D-xylose—the second most abundant sugar. Resonance 7(5) 50-58 Li Z, Xiao H, Jiang W, Jiang Y, Yang S (2013) Improvemoit of solvoit production from xylose mother liquor by engineering the xylose metabolic pathway in Clostridium acetobutylicum EA 2018. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 171(3) 555-568. doi 10.1007/sl2010-013-0414-9 Lin Y, Tanaka S (2006) Ethanol fermentation from biomass resources current state and prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 69(6) 627-642... 

Industrial ethyl alcohol can be produced synthetically from ethylene [74-85-17, as a by-product of certain industrial operations, or by the fermentation of sugar, starch, or cellulose. The synthetic route suppHes most of the industrial market in the United States. The first synthesis of ethanol from ethylene occurred in 1828 in Michael Faraday s lab in Cambridge (40). 

In 1975, Bra2il embarked upon the ambitious ProAlcohol program for fermentation ethanol manufacture (198,199) from sugar cane to reduce the... 

Starches. In the United States, all potable alcohol, most fermentation industrial alcohol, and most fuel alcohol is currendy made principally from grains com is the principal feedstock for fuel alcohol. Fermentation of starch from grain is somewhat more complex than fermentation of sugars because starch must first be converted to sugar and then to ethanol. This process was known to the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians who brewed beer almost 5000 years ago (202). The simplified equations for the conversion of starch to ethanol are... 

One of the more recent innovative approaches was to look for new micro-organisms and novel carbohydrate substrates. The early fermentations used sugar beet or cane molasses, various syrups, sweet potato starch or glucose itself and the micro-organism was always an Aspergillus spp. In the early 1930 s it was found that yeasts would produce dtric add from acetate. Since then a variety of yeasts, prindpally Candida spp., has been shown to convert glucose, w-alkanes or ethanol to dtric add with great effidency. 

Albene [Alcohol benzene] A process for making ethylbenzene from aqueous ethanol and benzene. The aqueous ethanol may contain as little as 30 percent ethanol, such as that obtained by one distillation of liquors from sugar fermentation. The mixed vapors are passed over a catalyst at approximately 350°C. The catalyst ( Encilite-2 ) is a ZSM-5-type zeolite in which some of the aluminum has been replaced by iron. Developed in India jointly by the... 

Fermenting grains with yeast produces a grain alcohol. The process also works with other biomass feedstocks. In fermentation, the yeast decomposes carbohydrates which are starches in grains, or sugar from sugar cane juice into ethyl alcohol (ethanol) and carbon dioxide. The process breaks down complex substances into simpler ones. 

It may be estimated that ethanol yields from lignocellulosics will range between 0.12 and 0.32 L kg-1 undried feedstock, depending upon the efficiency of five-carbon sugar conversion [26]. Other types of fermentation, including bacterial fermentation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, can produce various other products from the sugar stream, including lactic acid. 

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