Ethanol, biosensors

M. Boujtita, J.P. Hart and R. Pittson, Development of a disposable ethanol biosensor based on a chemically modified screen-printed electrode coated with alcohol oxidase for the analysis of beer, Biosens. Bioelectron., 15(5-6) (2000) 257-263. 

Recently, Schuhmann et al. reported ethanol biosensors by entrapping quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase and Os-complex-modified poly(vinyl imidazole) during the electrochemically induced deposition of the poly(acrylate)-based resin [80]. The sensor exhibited its efficiency and also sufficient stability for practical applications. Author claims that the reported sensor preparation process is simple, easy to control, oxygen insensitive and can be applicable to other enzyme sensors. 

Liao et al. have applied magnetic nanoparticles for development of a reagentless disposable amperometric ethanol biosensor. The electrochemical characteristics of modified electrode investigated by cyclic voltammetry, have been found as linearity (1-9.0 mM), sensitivity (0.61pAmM 1) and response (20 s) [102],... 

Acetic acid, acetone, butanol, ethanol Biosensors, biochips... 

Alcohol dehydrogenase SWCNT/ poly(dimethyl diallylammonium chloride) (PDDA) modified GCE Ethanol biosensor [112]... 

Wolfbeis, O. S., Posch, H. E., Optical Sensors. Part 20. A Fibre Optic Ethanol Biosensor , Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 332 (1988) 255-257. 

Choi HN, Yoon SH, Lyu YK, Lee WY et al. (2007) Electrogenerated chemiluminese ethanol biosensor based on carbon nanotube-titania-nafion composite film. Electroanalysis. 19 459 65. 

Smyth, A. B., Talasila, P. C., Cameron, A. C. (1999). An ethanol biosensor can detect low-oxygen injury in modified atmosphere packages of fresh-cut produce. Postharvest Biol, Technol, Vol. 15, pp.127-134. 

Azevedo AM, Prazeres DMF, Cabral IMS, Fonseca LP (2005) Ethanol biosensors based on alcohol oxidase. Biosens Bioelectron 21(2) 235-247... 

Choi, H. N., Y. K. Lyu, J. H. Han, and W. Y. Lee, 2007. Amperometiic ethanol biosensor based on carbon nanotubes dispersed in sol-gel-deiived titania-nafion composite film. Electroanalysis 19 1524—30. 

H2O2 biosensors. Chen and Lu reported the encapsulation of hemoglobin (Hb) in the composite film of carboxylic acid—functionalized MWCNTs and polyelectrolyte-surfactant polymer to develop a H2O2 biosensor. Faradic response of the Hb was observed and it exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity to reduce H2O2. Choi et al. constructed a highly sensitive and stable amperometric ethanol biosensor based on the immobilization of ADH within a thin composite film of CNT-titania-Nafion. Due to the mesoporous nature of this composite film, the present ethanol biosensor exhibited remarkably fast response time and wide linear response range (Choi et al., 2007). 

Several other biosensors have been developed usiag this oxygen-quenched fluorescence approach. Target species iaclude ethanol [64-17-5] hydrogen peroxide [7722-84-17, H2O2, lactate, and xanthine [69-89-6] C H4N402, usiag alcohol oxidase, catalase [9001-05-2] lactate oxidase, and xanthine oxidase, respectively. An additional technique for biocatalytic biosensors iavolves the firefly chemiluminescent reaction (17) ... 

Gautier S.M., Blum L.J., Coulet P.R., Fibre-optic biosensor based on luminescence and immobilized enzymes microdetermination of sorbitol, ethanol and oxaloacetate,. /. Biolumin. Chemilumin. 1990 5 57-63. 

Walters B.S., Nielsen T.J., Arnold M.A., Fiber-optic biosensor for ethanol based on an internal enzyme concept, Talanta 1988 35 151-155. 

Metal hexacyanoferrates-based biosensors were developed for analysis of glucose [11, 114, 118, 127, 147, 149, 152, 155-166], ethanol [11], D-alanine [147], oxalate [167-169], cholesterol [170, 171], glutamate [114, 119], sucrose [172], and choline [163], Among the transducers used Prussian blue undoubtedly dominates especially if one takes into account that instead of both chromium and cobalt hexacyanoferrates the activity of the transducers in publications [149, 159, 167, 168] was most probably provided by Prussian blue [117]. The sensitivity of cupric hexacyanoferrate is several orders of magnitude lower compared to Prussian blue. However, chemically synthesized... 

Fig.24 Electron transfer system constructed in a biosensor for ethanol...

Sol-gel-based biosensors have attracted an enormous scientific attention is the last decades [171-179], Despite the volume of the published work, inherent drawbacks associated with the nature and the synthetic routes followed for the preparation of such gels still exist. These include cracking of the films, high concentration of methanol/ ethanol in the resulted sol, and the most important point regarding the development of amperometric-based biosensors, the lack of conductivity. 

Biosensors constructed for ethanol and D-glucose measurements in beverages were built using ferrocene compounds as electron transfer mediators between the coenzyme PQQ of immobilized enzymes glucose (GDH) and alcohol (ADH) dehydrogenases and a carbon electrode surface <2003JOM(668)83>. 

Ethanol (2-200) x 10 5M Ethanol 5.3 x 10 6M RSD = 8.3% in = 10, after polishing the electrode surface) RSD = 6.5% in = 9, different biosensors) The useful lifetime of a single AOD-HRP-ferrocene composite electrode was of approximately 15 days with no need of enzyme stabilisers in the electrode matrix. Both batch and FIA modes. 

J. Tkac, I. Vostiar, L. Gorton, P. Gemeiner and E. Sturdik, Improved selectivity of microbial biosensor using membrane coating. Apphcation to the analysis of ethanol during fermentation, Biosens. Bioelectron., 18(9) (2003) 1125-1134. 

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