Ethanal Ethanoic Acid

Ethyne is the starting point for the manufacture of a wide range of chemicals, amongst which the most important are acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, ethanal, ethanoic acid, tri- and perchloro-ethylene, neoprene and polyvinyl alcohol. Processes such as vinylation, ethinylation, carbonylation, oligomerization and Reppe processes offer the possibility of producing various organic chemicals cheaply. Used in oxy-acetylene welding. 

Figure 2 Carbon stable-isotope compositions of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons, amino acids, and monocarboxylic acids from the Murchison meteorite plotted against carhon number. Carbon number 1 denotes methane and CO2, 2 denotes ethane, ethanoic acid, glycine, etc. (source Yuen et al., 1984).

Manufactured by the liquid-phase oxidation of ethanal at 60 C by oxygen or air under pressure in the presence of manganese(ii) ethanoate, the latter preventing the formation of perelhanoic acid. Another important route is the liquid-phase oxidation of butane by air at 50 atm. and 150-250 C in the presence of a metal ethanoate. Some ethanoic acid is produced by the catalytic oxidation of ethanol. Fermentation processes are used only for the production of vinegar. 

Kolbe reaction The pre >aration of saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons by the electrolysis of solutions of the alkali salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids. Thus, ethanoic acid gives ethane,... 

Athan, n. ethane pi. paraffins, hydrocarbons of the ethane series, -al, n. ethanal (acetaldehyde). -oyl, n. ethanoyl (acetyl), -saure,/. ethanoic acid (acetic acid). 

Whilst some organic compounds can be investigated in aqueous solution, it is frequently necessary to add an organic solvent to improve the solubility suitable water-miscible solvents include ethanol, methanol, ethane-1,2-diol, dioxan, acetonitrile and acetic (ethanoic) acid. In some cases a purely organic solvent must be used and anhydrous materials such as acetic acid, formamide and diethylamine have been employed suitable supporting electrolytes in these solvents include lithium perchlorate and tetra-alkylammonium salts R4NX (R = ethyl or butyl X = iodide or perchlorate). 

Gibbs ensemble simulation, 1 34 Ethane-propane cocracking, 10 600 Ethanoic acid, physical properties,... 

The infrared spectra of carboxylic acids provide clear evidence for the hydrogen bonding discussed in the preceding section. This is illustrated in Figure 18-2, which shows the spectrum of ethanoic acid in carbon tetrachloride solution, together with those of ethanol and ethanal for comparison. 

Figure 18-2 Infrared spectra of ethanol, ethanoic acid, and ethanal as 10% solutions in carbon tetrachloride...

Exercise 18-9 Use bond energies and the stabilization energy of ethanoic acid (18 kcal mole-1, Section 18-2A) to calculate AH° for the addition of water to ethanoic acid to give 1,1,1-trihydroxyethane. Compare the value you obtain with a calculated AH° for the hydration of ethanal in the vapor phase. Would you expect the rate, the equilibrium constant, or both, for hydration of ethanoic acid in water solution to be increased in the presence of a strong acid such as sulfuric acid Explain. 

Another important class of organic compounds that we shall meet frequently, even in the early chapters of the text, are the carboxylic acids. These compounds are characterized by the carboxyl group, — COOH (7). As their names suggest, these compounds are acids. The most common example is acetic acid, CH3COOH (8 formally, ethanoic acid), the acid that gives vinegar its sharp taste. Another simple carboxylic acid is formic acid, HCOOH (9 formally, methanoic acid), the acid of ant venom. Note how the systematic (formal) names of the carboxylic acids are derived from the parent hydrocarbons (ethane and methane, respectively) by adding -anoic acid as a suffix to the stems eth- and meth-. 

Ethaned ol dinitrate, AA70 Ethanoic acid, AA76... 

Ethyne, Benzene, Ethanol, Dimethyl Ether, Ethylamine, Ethanal, Diethyl Ketone, Ethanoic Acid, Ethyl Acetate, and Acetamide... 

Ethanal. See Acetaldehyde A14-L Ethanaloxime. See Acetaldoxime A16-L Ethanamide. See Acetamide A16-R Ethaneamidine or Ethenylamidine. See u-Amino-o-imidoethane A223-L Ethanoic Acid. See Acetic Acid A25-L Ethanoic Anhydride. See Acetic Anhydride A29-R... 

---