Estimated annual operating costs Module

Table V. Estimated Annual Operating Costs for the RC/Bahco CTB-100 Module (High Sulfur Flue Gas)...

Sometimes, for crude comparisons of flowsheets with different arrangements of process units, the total capital investment in Eq. (17.9) is estimated as the sum of the hare-module costs, or even the sum of the purchase costs and annual production cost, C, includes only the cost of the raw materials, the utilities, and the labor-related operations. The return on investment, is that desired by the company. Here, we take i = 0.20 (20%). 

Applications Membranes create a boundary between different bulk gas or hquid mixtures. Different solutes and solvents flow through membranes at different rates. This enables the use of membranes in separation processes. Membrane processes can be operated at moderate temperatures for sensitive components (e.g., food, pharmaceuticals). Membrane processes also tend to have low relative capital and energy costs. Their modular format permits rehable scale-up and operation. This unit operation has seen widespread commercial adoption since the 1960s for component enrichment, depletion, or equilibration. Estimates of annual membrane module sales in 2005 are shown in Table 20-16. Applications of membranes for diagnostic and bench-scale use are not included. Natural biological systems widely employ membranes to isolate cells, organs, and nuclei. 

Cost figures provided here are "order-of-magnitude" estimates, and are representative of charges typically assessed to the client by the vendor, exclusive of profit. The total annual cost to operate a 12-module filtration unit ranges between 314,180 and 1,209,700, depending on whether effluent treatment and costs are considered, the flow rate through the unit, the cleanup requirements, and the cost of effluent treatment... 

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