Ester ethoxylates specifications

Natural Ethoxylated Fats, Oils, and Waxes. Castor oil (qv) is a triglyceride high in ticinoleic esters. Ethoxylation in the presence of an alkaline catalyst to a polyoxyethylene content of 60—70 wt % yields water-soluble surfactants (Table 20). Because alkaline catalysts also effect transestenfication, ethoxylated castor oil surfactants are complex mixtures with components resulting from transesterrfication and subsequent ethoxylation at the available hydroxyl groups. The ethoxylates are pale amber Hquids of specific gravity just above 1.0 at room temperature. They are hydrophilic emulsifiers, dispersants, lubricants, and solubilizers used as textile additives and finishing agents, as well as in paper (qv) and leather (qv) manufacture. 

Emulsion breakers are typically specific for site or crude-oil type. Conventional emulsion breakers are most commonly formulated from the following types of chemistries polyglycols and polyglycol esters, ethoxylated alcohols and amines, ethoxylated resins, ethoxylated phenol formaldehyde resins, ethoxylated nonylphenols, polyhydric alcohols, and sulfonic acid salts. Commercial emulsion breakers may contain but one type of active ingredient or intermediate or a variety of intermediate types. 

Ethoxylates can be prepared from any methyl ester. Normally, methyl esters are derived from oleochemical sources, and the carbon chain length distribution and the level unsaturation can vary significantly depending on the specific feedstock used and the quality of the distillation process employed. 

On the other hand, migration, and thus effectiveness of antistatic agents, can be lowered considerably by other additives such as carbon black or titanium dioxide, talcum, or wood flour. That may be explained by the fact that additives with large specific surfaces (e.g., fillers and pigments) absorb the antistatic agents and hinder their migration to the products surface. The most widely employed antistatic agents for TPO are ethoxylated fatty amines and fatty acid esters. 

The procedure for aldehyde determination is described above in the section on EO, PO, dioxane, and acetaldehyde. Generally, HPLC is preferred for determination of all aldehydes but acetaldehyde. Formic and acetic acid can be determined by a number of procedures, including gas chromatography and ion chromatography. A method for HPLC determination of these acids as their 2-nitrophenylhydrazone derivatives has been worked out specifically for ethoxylated esters of sorbitan (93). 

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