Establishing Energy Management System

Step 3. Establish energy management system. The reactor temperature, which affects the process yield and stability (Guidelines 2 and 3), is controlled by adjusting the coolant flow rate, using valve V-2. 

Step 3 Establish energy management system. The steam valve, V-2, is used to control the flash feed temperature. Furthermore, the temperature of the recycle and bottoms product streams is con-tolled by adjusting the coolant valve, V-10. 

Detennine control degrees of freedom Establish energy management system Set production rate... 

The last step in the process is to sustain the benehts from the energy projects that have been implemented. An energy management system must be established for continuously monitoring, maintaining, and improving the performance of the implemented energy projects. 

We have discussed in detail each of the nine steps in our plantwide control design procedure. The first two steps establish the control objectives and control degrees of freedom for the plant. In the third step we discuss how the plantwide energy management problem can be converted to a local unit operation energy management problem by using the plant utility system. 

The oil and gas industry has operated on the U.S. outer continental shelf (OCS) for decades, but the U.S. offehore wind industry is only now becoming established. At the time of this writing, offshore wind projects have received preliminary approvals from relevant federal agencies, but construction has not yet started. As mentioned in Chapter 3, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) issued basic requirements for a safety management system (SMS) in Subpart H of 30 CFR 585 in 2009 but has not fully defined the substance to be included in an SMS. Chapter 4 identified many hazards shared by land-based and offshore wind farms and relevant federal regulations and industry standards that may apply, and it discussed several hazards unique to offshore wind farms. 

INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Establishing a National System for Radioactive Waste Management, Safety Series No. 111-S-l, IAEA, Vienna (1995). WARNECKE, E. SAIRE, D., Safety Standards for Radioactive Waste Management Documenting International Consensus, IAEA Bulletin 36, 2 (1994), 17-21. 

There is international agreement on the principles needed to meet this overall objective. These principles, and the rationale behind them, are outlined in the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) publication entitled Safety Fundamentals - The Principles of Radioactive Waste Management [1]. Requirements for the safe management of radioactive wastes and the requirements for establishing a national system for radioactive waste management are further desaibed in a series of RADWASS Safety Standards [2-7] as well as in other IAEA documente [8-11]. 

INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Establishing A National System for Radioactive Waste Management, Safety Series N 111-S-l, Vienna (to be published). 

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