Esherichia coli

Lee, PC. et al., Directed evolution of Esherichia coli famesyl diphosphate synthase (IspA) reveals novel structural determinants of chain length specihcity, Metab. Eng. 7, 18, 2005. 

The Lac operon (Figure 3.8, described in Esherichia coli bacteria by Jacob and Monod), illustrates how gene expression can be switched on or off according to sudden changes in environmental conditions. Glucose (a monosaccharide) is the preferred... 

Recently, this two-phase reaction was improved by using an Esherichia coli transformant expressing both genes for aldehyde reductase and glucose dehydrogenase as the catalyst. When the E. coli transformant cells were incubated in a two-phase system, 300 mg/ml of the substrate was almost stoichiometrically converted to ethyl (R)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate (92% e.e.) in 16 h [114]. 

Pourcher, T., Zani, M.-L., Leblanc, G. (1993). Mutagenesis of acidic residues in putative membrane-spanning segments of the melibiose permease of Esherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 268,3209-3215. 

Pratt, L.A., W. Hsing, K.E. Gibson, and T.J. Silhavy (1996). From acids to osmZ multiple factors influence synthesis of the OmpF and OmpC por-ins in Esherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 20 911-917. 

A more efficient and simple bioreduction system, which avoids the problems with the system involving naturally-occurring microorganisms or cell-free systems described above, has been required. A novel bioreduction system, in which Esherichia coli transformant cells coexpressing the genes of an NAD(P)H-dependent carbonyl reductase and GDH, as a cofactor regenerator, were used as the catalyst, has been constructed (Kataoka et al., 2003). The production of chiral CHBEs is a typical successful example with this bioreduction system. 

Nemoto Y, Namba T, Kozaki S et al. (1991) Clostridium botulinum C3 ADP-ribosyltransferase gene Cloning, sequencing and expression of a functional protein in Esherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 266 19312-19319. 

It is believed that the lung infection results from impaired mucus clearance followed by colonization of bacteria in the mucus. The bacteria elaborate a number of toxins, polysaccharides, and enzymes including proteases, elastases, and exotoxin A, which may stimulate the production of additional mucus and further contribute to airway obstruction (Sam et al., 1980 Adler et al., 1983). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are the most commonly found bacteria in the lungs of patients with CF, but Klebsiella, Esherichia coli, streptococci, and Haemophilus influenza can also be found. Of particular interest is the observation that mucoid strains of infectious bacteria, which are more pathogenic than nonmucoid strains, are most commonly found in patients with CF (Reynolds et al., 1975, 1976). The mucoid strains are also more resistant to phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages and are impermeable to antibiotics because of their mucoid coats. Thus treatment of pulmonary infections in patients with CF can be unusually difRcult. 

DDU was synthesized by the chemical process. Screening was carried out under virtully same conditions used for the screening for ara-A. Esherichia coli was selected from among the bacteria as the best producer of DDA and DDI. The optimal temperature for DDI synthesis was appromiately 50°C, which is slightly lower than other trans-pentose reactions... 

J. E. Gouaux, K. L. Krause, and W. N. Lipscomb, The catalytic mechanism of Esherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase A molecular modeling study. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1987,142, 893-897. 

C18H30O16 502.425 Repeating unit of linear and branched structures of the capsular polysaccharide from Esherichia coli LP 1092. 

FIGURE 14.126 Chemical structures of substrate reduced by the recombinant pulegone reductase and the transformed Esherichia coli cells. 

Reisch MS (1999) Vision 2020 comes into focus. Chem Eng News 77(32) 10-12 Ren Q, Sierro N, Kellerhals M, Kessler B, Witholt B (2000) Properties of engineered poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates produced in recombinant Esherichia coli strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 66 1311-1320 Reusch RN (1992) Biological complexes of poly-P-hydroxybutyrate. FEMS Microbiol Rev 103 119-130... 

O. Gabriel, H. E. Umbarger, Esherichia coli and Salmonella cellular and molecular biology. ASM Press, 1987, p. 504. 

Choi, J., S.Y. Lee. 1999. High-level production of poly(3-hydroxybuyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) by fed-batch culture of recombinant Esherichia coli. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65 4363-4368. 

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