Escherichia coli cinnamon

Since cinnamyl aldehyde is the main component of cassia oil (approximately 90%) and Sri Lanka cinnamon bark oil (approximately 75%) [49], it is industrially more important to generate cinnamyl alcohol, which is less abundantly available from nature but is important as cinnamon flavour, by biotransformation of natural cinnamyl aldehyde than vice versa. Recently, a whole-cell reduction of cinnamyl aldehyde with a conversion yield of 98% at very high precursor concentrations of up to 166 g L was described [136]. Escherichia coli DSM 14459 expressing a NADPH-dependent R alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus kefir and a glucose dehydrogenase from Thermoplasma acidophilum for intracellular cofactor regeneration was applied as the biocatalyst (Scheme 23.8). 

Several other spices have even better antibacterial properties than chilli. Garlic, clove, and cinnamon have chemicals that destroy the deadly bacteria Escherichia coli 0157 117. The chemicals responsible for the activity of these spices are cinnamic aldehyde in cinnamon, eugenol in clove, and diallyl thiosulfinate in garlic. The spices with the... 

Chymosin (Aspergillus niger var. awamori, Escherichia coli K-12, and Kluyveromyces marxianus, each microorganism containing a calf prochymosin gene), 786, (S3)20 Chymotrypsin, 786, (S3)18 Chymotrypsin Activity, 793 Cinene, 518 1,8-Cineol, 496 Cineole, Percentage of, 818 Cinnamal, 468 Cinnamaldehyde, 468, 611 Cinnamic Acid, 468, 565, 612, (S3)66 Cinnamic Alcohol, 470 Cinnamic Aldehyde, 468 Cinnamon Bark Oil, Ceylon Type, 101, 578... 

In the Ames test for mutagenicity and the Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA reversion test, no mutagenic activity of cinnamon essential oil was observed. The essential oil exhibited mutagenic activity in the Bacillus subtilis rec assay without S9 (Sekizawa and Shibamoto 1982). 

Oussalah M, Caillet S, Lacroix M (2006) Mechanism of action of Spanish oregano, Chinese cinnamon, and savory essential oils against cell membranes and walls of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. J Food Prot 69 1046... 

Benzoic acid usually occurs in nature as a glycoside (in cranberry, bilberry, plum and cinnamon trees and cloves). Its activity is primarily against yeasts and molds, less so against bacteria. Figures 8.10 and 8.12 show the pH-dependent activity of the acid against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger. 

Other studies have shown that the essential oils of oregano, thyme, cinnamon, lemongrass and clove are among the most active against strains of Escherichia coli (Dorman and Deans, 2000 Sdnchez-Gonzalez et al, 2011 Smith-Palmer et al, 1998). Their effectiveness has been widely reported but carvacrol, a major component of the essential oils of oregano and thyme, has been the most researched (Arfa et al, 2007 Guarda et al, 2011). 

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