Errors criminalization

Steven Rose Well I think there are a lot of problems with that claim. There was a huge statistical error made in the original presentation of that, which I think has since been widely recognised. I take it that the likely story is that this chromosomal abnormality tends to produce a lower intelligence. And people with lower intelligence tend to do less well and be more likely to end up in criminal activities. 

In criminal proceedings caused by crimes that are considered by the German authorities to have caused major violations of law and order, the trial is held immediately on the District Court level, i.e., on what normally is supposed to be the appeal level (the first level is the County Court). In such cases, the accused has only one trial during which evidence can be presented, that is, there is no appeal possible to the verdict of this court Only a so-called application for a revision of the verdict with the German Federal Supreme Court is possible, but such an application can only criticize errors of form (matters of law). The factual assertions of the deciding court, i.e., description and evaluation of evidence (matters of fact), will not be discussed anymore. Furthermore, it is usually the case that applications for a revision will be denied by the German Federal Supreme Court, if the defense is the only party to request it. 

The three nurses involved in this case were indicted for criminally negligent homicide in the death of the baby. ISMP provided a systems analysis and expert testimony at trial and identified over 50 different failures in the system that allowed this error to occur, go undetected, and ultimately, reach a healthy newborn child, causing his death. Had even just one of these failures not occurred, either the accident would not have happened, or the error would have been detected and corrected before reaching the infant. 

Numeration systems are used to identify people and property, because they preserve confidentiality, increase security, and minimize errors caused when there are many people with the same name or many identical objects in the same production run in a factory assembly line. There are thousands of people named John Jones, and even if John Jones uses his middle initial, he can still be confused with another John Jones with the same initial. Thus numeration systems are developed for credit cards, social security cards, bank accounts, serial numbers for products, and other reasons. These identification numbers might be very long to defeat a criminal who is randomly guessing at numbers in order to steal from someone s bank account or credit card account. 

If the criminal conduct was the result of negligent errors or omissions or was imposed on the basis of strict liability or collective knowledge and no corporate employee or agent acted with a level of intent at least equal to that of reckless indifference, reduce the Base Fine by % to %. 

The formal model has one other benefit that is quite critical for application of the DECP, and that is the ability to adjust the model to arrive at different tradeoffs between the two types of errors misses and false alarms. As modeled above, the regression models minimized all errors. However, for law enforcement purposes, it is much more important to miss some drug-impaired drivers (and thus accept a high level of misses), than to arrest unimpaired drivers (and accept a high level of false alarms). This is because criminal conviction must be rest on evidence that is beyond reasonable doubt , and obviously an estimate that is associated with a high level of false alarms fails this test. 

A successful reporting of human errors has been accomplished by giving pilots and air-traffic controllers benefits when reporting such events. Most important is the fact that they receive immunity from punitive actions as soon as they have filed a near-accident report. This limited immunity covers negligence but not criminal acts such as drug trafficking. They also receive feedback on the results of their reporting. 

Blame is rarely an appropriate response to a medical error. Of course there are rare situations where blame is appropriate for example, criminal behavior, insubordination, or refusal to respond to feedback. But these behaviors are rare and seldom the cause of preventable adverse events. On the other hand, a culture of blame is an exceedingly common problem in healthcare and frequently contributes to adverse events by impeding detection, investigation, and remedy. Every effort should be made to eliminate blame from healthcare s culture. 

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